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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What class of virus does Enteroviruses belong to?
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Picornaviridae
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What are their major characteristics?
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transmitted oral-fecal route, meningitis, encephalitis, shed for prolonged periods in feces
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There are over 70 enteroviruses. Which Baltimore class do they belong to and what are the well-known members.
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Group VI. Poliovirus, coxsackie A, echovirus
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Why is it that polio is so easy to spread?
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The virus is shed in feces in asymptomatic people for prolonged periods of time and children don't have good hygiene
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What are (the chemical and other) characteristics that allow to infect especially children?
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The virus is shed in feces and so children have worse hygiene and can contract by fecal-oral route.
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Evidence for earliest occurrence of polio
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foot drop in Egyptian pictures, 1500 BC
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First outbreak of polio in Europe
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1789, described by British physician, late 1800's first major outbreak
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first and last cases of polio in US
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1894 - Vermont, 2005 - polio outbreak in Amish in Minnesota
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Countries where polio is still endemic
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Afghanistan, Egypt, India, Niger, Nigeria, and Pakistan
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What type of treatment was used for the three forms of paralytic poliomyelitis?
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"drinker respirators" - iron lung machines, immobilization - then physical therapy, hot packs and hot bathes
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What is the frequency of paralysis with polio?
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1%
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What changes have occurred in enterovirus 71 that raises serious concerns?
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It has gone from causing serious neurological disease in a small minority of cases to severe outbreaks leading to encephalitis and death
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What polio vaccines were used and do these vaccines pose health issues, which is used in the US?
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Salk - inactivated vaccine, Sabin - live attenuated, oral vaccine, live vaccine is more effective, inactivated used in US because of health issues with live, oral vaccine
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