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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Border Disease
-aka |
-hairy shaker disease
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Border disease
-genus -family |
-genus: pestivirus
-family: flaviviridae |
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Border disease
-virus morphology |
-enveloped
-noncytopathogenic -RNA |
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Border disease virus
-closely related to |
-BVD
-Classical Swine Fever virus |
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Border Disease
-host |
-sheep
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Border disease
-distribution |
-worldwide
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Border Disease
-transmission |
-urine
-saliva -placenta -placental fluid |
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Border disease
-pathogenicity |
-disease only develops with in utero infection
-postanatl infection causes immunity |
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Border disease
-pathogenesis |
-nonimmune ewe is infected
-becomes viremic -viruses passes to fetus via placenta -placentitis --> abortion or placental insufficiency |
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When do lambs develop immunocompetency
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-between days 60-85 of gestation
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Border disease
-effect of infecting lamb before 60 days gestation |
-fetus death (resorption or abortion)
-survivors are viremic and persistently infected |
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Border disease
-effect of infecting lamb between 60 and 85 days gestation |
-unpredictable
-some lambs normal -some alive but small, persistently infected -some die in utero |
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Border disease
-congenital defects |
-domed heads
-short stature -cerebellar hypoplasia -tremors from hypomyelination -hair coat instead of wool (hairy shaker lambs) -porencephaly or hydranencephaly |
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Border Disease
-diagnosis |
-clinical signs
-virus isolation, FA staining, PCR (lymphoid tissue) -antibodies in serum of lambs who haven't nurses (virus neutralization) |
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Border disease
-prevention and control |
-remove persistently infected animals
-no vaccines |
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BVD
-related to |
-classical swine fever
-border disease virus |
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Most important viral disease of cattle in the US
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-BVD
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BVD
-clinical signs |
-abortion
-stillbirth -congenital defects -weak calves |
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BVD
-transmission |
Secretions (urine, nasal discharge, urine)
-direct contact -contaminated feed/water In utero -depends on stage of gestation |
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BVD llamas and alpacas
-clinical signs |
-mostly subclinical infection
-weight loss -diarrhea |
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BVD llamas and alpacas
-effect on Crias |
-small crias that grow slowly
-unhealthy -die young of other diseases -persistent infection |
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How to test for Persistent Infection
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Virus isolation
-live: whole blood -dead: lymphoid tissue PCR -blood or tissue IHC and ELISA for antigen -skin biopsy -serum ELISA for antigen in animals > 3 months old |
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How to identify persistently infected animal
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-must test positive twice 3 wks apart
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Cache Valley Virus
-genus -family |
-genus: Orthobunyavirus
-family: Bunyviridae |
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What is the largest family of animal viruses?
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-Bunyviridae
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Cache Valley Virus
-virus morphology |
-enveloped
-RNA |
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Cache Valley Virus
-distribution |
-endemic in North America
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Cache Valley Virus
-hosts |
-sheep (only clinical signs)
-other (wild ruminants) |
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Cache Valley Virus
-transmission |
-mosquito-borne
-transovarian transmission |
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Cache Valley Virus
-infected individuals |
-almost 100% wild and domestic ruminants in an endemic area are aerologically positive
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Cache Valley Virus
-Pathogenicity |
Fetuses
-28-32 days gestation: fetus dies -32-37 days gestation: deformities in the musculoskeletal and cranial nervous systems -37-48 days gestation: musculoskeletal malformation -> 48 days gestation: normal |
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Cache Valley Virus
-how long to be cleared from a fetus |
-4-6 wks
-but persists until fetus becomes immunocompetent |
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Cache Valley Virus
-clinical signs |
-increased number of nonpregnant ewes
-mummified fetuses -stillborn -congenital malformations |
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Cache Valley Virus
-congenital malformations |
-arthrogryposis
-hypoplasia of skeletal muscles -hydranencephaly -poencephaly -microoencephaly -micromyelia -dystocia |
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Cache Valley Virus
-diagnosis |
-Presumptive based on clinical signs
-almost all adults are serologically positive (negative test can rule out) -Presuckling antibody in live lamb serum* |
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Cache Valley Virus
-sometimes confused with |
-spider lamb syndrome
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Cache Valley Virus
-differentials |
-Arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly (border disease virus, bluetongue virus)
-Arthrogryposis can also be inherited or associated with plants (Lupinus) but doesn't produce CNS lesions |
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-effect |
-diarrhea in neonates (like pigs)
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-Genus -Family |
-Genus: Rotavirus
-Family: Reoviridae |
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-virus morphology |
-noneveloped
-segmented genome -RNA |
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-distribution |
-US
-UK -Japan |
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-transmission |
-fecal-oral
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-pathogenicity |
-replication in mature epithelial cells that cover small intestinal villi causing infected cell lysis, villous atrophy, diarrhea
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-clinical signs |
-frothy salivation
-inappetence -diarrhea |
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-animals infected |
-housed animals
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Ovine and Caprine Rotavirus
-diagnosis |
-EM
-Immunoelectron microscopy and electrophoresis to type the virus -FA and ELISA only for group A virus |
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Caprine Herpesvirus
-related to |
-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
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Caprine Herpesvirus
-hosts |
-goats
-nonpathogenic in lambs and calves |
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Caprine herpesvirus
-distribution |
-US
-Australia -NZ -Europe |
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Caprine herpesvirus
-clinical signs |
-fever
-anorexia -oculonasal discharge -dyspnea -abdominal pain -death (1-4 days) |
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Caprine herpesvirus
-gross lesions |
-red, round erosions and ulcers in the oral cavity, esophagus, rumen, abomasum
-necrosis and ulceration of mucosa in cecum |
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Caprine herpesvirus
-micro lesions |
-necrosis throughout alimentary tract
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Caprine herpesvirus
-infection in adults |
-latent carriers
-erosions, vesicles, pustules on penis, prepuce, vagina, vulva |
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Caprine herpesvirus
-diagnosis |
-virus isolation
-EM -Immunohistochamical stain -FA stain |
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Caprine herpesvirus
-prevention |
-no vaccine
-cross-reaction with IBR virus |
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Rift Valley Fever
-genus -family |
-genus: Phlebovirus
-family: Bunyaviridae |
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Rift vally fever
-virus morphology |
-RNA
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Rift Valley Fever
-host |
-sheep
-goats -cattle -water buffalo -puppies -kittens -humans |
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Rift Valley Fever
-effect in humans |
-hemorrhagic fever
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Rift Valley Fever
-distribution |
-sub-saharan africa and middle east
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Rift Valley Fever
-transmission |
-mosquitos
-direct from viremic livestock -aerosol |
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Rift Valley Fever
-pathogenicity |
-explosive epidemics of hemorrhagic disease
-results in liver failure by replicating in and destroying hepatocytes -liver necrosis --> lack of clotting factors |
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Rift Valley Fever
-clinical signs |
-inappetance
-vomiting -hemorrhage -bloody diarrhea -death -almost 100% abortion |
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Rift Valley Fever
-effect of outbreak |
-food shortage
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Parainfluenza 3 Virus
-definition |
-acute respiratory disease of cattle and sheep
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Parainfluenza 3 virus
-virus morphology |
-enveloped
-RNA |
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Parainfluenza 3 virus
-genus -family |
-genus: Parainfluenzavirus 3
-family: Paramyxoviridae |
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Parainfluenza 3 virus
-transmission |
-aerosol
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Parainfluenza 3 virus
-clinical signs |
-fever
-lacrimation -serous nasal discharge -dyspnea -coughing -minimal signs unless secondary bacterial infection --> bacterial pneumonia |
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Parainfluenza 3 virus
-diagnosis |
-virus isolation (nasal swabs, postmortem samples)
-FA staining (tissues, nasal scrapings) -serology |
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Parainfluenza 3 virus
-prevention |
-possible vaccination with cattle vaccine
-not high economic importance |
