Virology (Bbd Exam Ii)

Front 1

What are the 4 steps that viruses must complete in order to reproduce?

Back 1

1. Adsorption and penetration
2. Uncoating of the virus
3. Synthesis and assembly of viral products
4. Release of virions from the host cell (by lysis or budding)

Front 2

What are susceptible cells?

Back 2

Cells that have viral receptors on their surface that interact specifically with a protein on the virus surface

Front 3

What are resistant cells?

Back 3

Cells that do not have a receptor for the virus on their cell surface

Front 4

How do viruses enter the cell?

Back 4

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front 5

How is the nucleocapsid released (uncoating)?

Back 5

Cellular and viral proteases may participate

Front 6

Where do RNA viruses replicate?

Back 6

Cytoplasm
(except Orthomyxoviruses and retroviruses)

Front 7

Where do DNA viruses replicate?

Back 7

Nucleus
(except Poxviruses and Hepatitis B)

Front 8

What must negative strand RNA viruses have in their virion for replication to proceed?

Back 8

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Front 9

What are the steps for replication of positive-strand RNA viruses?

Back 9

1. Viral genome acts as mRNA and is translated
2. One of the translation products (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) makes a negative strand copy of the genome
3. This negative strand serves as a template to make new positive-strands
4. Genomes are encapsidated to make new virus particles

Front 10

What are the steps for replication of negative-strand RNA viruses?

Back 10

1. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in virion makes a positive strand.
2. Positive-strand is translated for structural proteins.
3. Positive-strand serves as a template to make new negative-strands.
4. Genomes are encapsidated with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to make new virus particles

Front 11

For DNA virus replication, what do the immediate early proteins do?

Back 11

Regulatory; some of their targets are cellular genes

Front 12

For DNA virus replication, what do early proteins do?

Back 12

Genome replication

Front 13

For DNA virus replication, what do late proteins do?

Back 13

Structural proteins; self assembly of virus particles

Front 14

Exceptions to DNA virus replication procedures

Back 14

1. Parvovirus
2. Polyomavirus
3. Papillomavirus
4. Hepadnavirus
5. Poxvirus

Front 15

What is a permissive cell?

Back 15

Cell that allows a complete viral life cycle including release of infectious virus

Front 16

What is a non-permissive cell?

Back 16

Cells that take up the virus but do not allow the infection to be completed

Front 17

Lytic Infection

Back 17

Virus production with cell death

Front 18

Abortive infection

Back 18

Infection of non-permissive cells with no infectious virus production

Front 19

Persistent infection

Back 19

Long term virus-cell association with cell survival; 3 types
1. Chronic
2. Latent
3. Recurrent

Front 20

Persistent Chronic Infection

Back 20

Virus replicates

Front 21

Persistent latent infection

Back 21

No replication but some viral gene expression

Front 22

Persistent recurrent infection

Back 22

Latent and lytic components

Front 23

Virus-Cell Interaction in which Transformation occurs

Back 23

1. Oncogenic conversion caused directly by viral gene activities.
2. Oncogenic conversion promoted by abnormal cell proliferation in tissues damaged by viral infection.

Front 24

Intracellular defenses by the host cell

Back 24

Interferon signaling can cause any of the following:
1. Inhibits translation
2. Induces apoptosis
3. Upregulates MHC
4. Diffuses to neighboring cells

Front 25

Viral-Responses to Host Cell Defense

Back 25

1. Interrupt interferon signaling
2. Encode anti-apoptotic proteins

Front 26

Question

Back 26

Answer

Front 27

Name the key features that make viruses UNIQUE from other organisms

Back 27

"1. Obligate intracellular parasites

Front 28

What is a VIRION?

Back 28

1. Simply a VIRUS PARTICLE

Front 29

List the 4 types of DNA virus genome structures…

Back 29

"1. Linear double stranded (duplex)

Front 30

What are the 7 DNA virus families that cause human disease?

Back 30

"1. Herpesvirus

Front 31

Which virus family has a linear double stranded (duplex) DNA virus genome structure?

Back 31

"1. Adenovirus

Front 32

Which virus family has a DUPLEX WITH CLOSED ENDS DNA virus genome structure?

Back 32

1. Poxvirus

Front 33

Which virus family has a DUPLEX WITH CLOSED CIRCLE DNA virus genome structure?

Back 33

"1. Polyomavirus

Front 34

Which virus family has a DUPLEX CIRCLE WITH ONE STRAND INCOMPLETE DNA virus genome structure?

Back 34

1. Hepadnavirus

Front 35

Which virus family has a LINEAR SINGLE STRANDED DNA virus genome structure?

Back 35

1. Parvovirus

Front 36

Describe the polarity of RNA virus genomes…

Back 36

"1. Positive-stranded - (coding) needs nothing done to participate in protein synthesis and works in the cytoplasm

Front 37

Name the 6 types of RNA virus genome structures

Back 37

"1. Linear Single stranded POSITIVE

Front 38

Name 3 functions of the viral CAPSID (CAPSOMER)

Back 38

"1. Attachment to cell surface

Front 39

What are the "building blocks" of the capsomer?

Back 39

1. PROTOMERS assemble into CAPSOMERS which "self-assemble" into the capsid

Front 40

What are 3 common CAPSID SYMMETRIES?

Back 40

"1. Icosohedral

Front 41

What is the main advantage of the HELICAL CAPSID?

Back 41

1. the FLEXABLE structure allows ACCOMODATION OF ANY LENGTH GENOME

Front 42

Name 3 functions of the viral ENVELOPE…

Back 42

"1. Attachment to cell surface

Front 43

What are the 2 main functions of the viral MATRIX/TEGUMENT?

Back 43

"1. Helps INITIATE NEW INFECTIONS

Front 44

Using the H1N1 virus as an example, what are the H and H… what do they stand for?

Back 44

"1. The H and the N are PEPLOMERS in the viral ENVELOPE

Front 45

How are the families of viruses grouped?

Back 45

1. Viruses are grouped based on their NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT, SIZE, PRESENCE OF ENVELOPE, AND CAPSID SYMMETRY

Front 46

Name the SMALL RNA viruses that are RESISTANT to Ether

Back 46

"1. PicoRNAvirus

Front 47

Name the SMALL RNA viruses that are SENSITIVE to Ether

Back 47

"1. Flavivirus

Front 48

Name the MEDIUM RNA viruses that are RESISTANT to Ether

Back 48

1. Reovirus

Front 49

Name the MEDIUM RNA viruses that are SENSITIVE to Ether

Back 49

1. Retrovirus

Front 50

Name the LARGE RNA viruses that are RESISTANT to Ether

Back 50

1. NONE!!

Front 51

Name the LARGE RNA viruses that are SENSITIVE to Ether

Back 51

"1. Coronavirus

Front 52

Name the SMALL DNA viruses that are RESISTANT to Ether..

Back 52

"1. Parvovirus

Front 53

Name the SMALL DNA viruses that are SENSITIVE to Ether..

Back 53

1. hepaDNAvirus

Front 54

Name the MEDIUM DNA viruses that are RESISTANT to Ether..

Back 54

1. Adenovirus

Front 55

Name the MEDIUM DNA viruses that are SENSITIVE to Ether..

Back 55

1. NONE!!

Front 56

Name the LARGE DNA viruses that are RESISTANT to Ether..

Back 56

1. Poxvirus

Front 57

Name the LARGE DNA viruses that are SENSITIVE to Ether..

Back 57

1. Herpesvirus

Front 58

ALL DNA viruses are what structure (except POX)?

Back 58

1. Icosohedral

Front 59

Do ALL DNA viruses lack an envelope?

Back 59

1. YES! - All DNA viruses (besides Hepatitis B, Herpes, and Pox) are "naked"

Front 60

What shapes are ALL RNA viruses?

Back 60

"1. Helical or Icosohedra

Front 61

(True/False)"

Back 61

1. TRUE!!

Front 62

Define PRIMARY CELL CULTURE, CELL STRAIN, AND CELL LINE…

Back 62

"1. Primary - MULTIPLE cell types, diploid, few cell divisions