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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RSV causes (disease) in (population) |
bronchiolitis; in infants (especially neonates) |
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rhinovirus causes what common disease? |
THE COMMON COLD |
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Adenovirus causes what diseases? |
mostly RTI; also gastro, keratoconjunctivitis |
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Adenovirus causes infection by what age? |
Usually 14 |
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Coronavirus causes what sort of disease |
URTI, pneumonia |
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Some examples of Coronaviruses |
SARS; MERS |
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Symptoms caused by Influenza viruses |
fever, myalgia, HA, cough |
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RNA viruses usually cause _______ disease |
ACUTE; no latency |
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DNA viruses usually cause _______ disease |
latency; integrate with host DNA |
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Viruses spread by droplet/aerosol |
RSV; adenovirus; rhinovirus; coronavirus; influenza; (ie, ones causing respiratory disease); also VZV |
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Viruses spread by fecal-oral transmission |
Adenovirus; norovirus; (rotavirus?); Enteroviruses |
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Viruses which are sexually transmitted (transmucosal/direct contact) |
HSV; CMV; EBV (herpesviridae) |
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Viruses spread by zoonosis/animal vectors |
Ebola (fruit bats); Dengue (Aedes mosquitos); Rabies (animal saliva, bat caves) |
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Rotavirus causes _______ in _______ populations |
vomiting/watery diarrhea; in infants/children |
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Norovirus causes ________ in __________ populations |
vomiting/watery diarrhea; in adults & schoolchildren |
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First incidence of Dengue infection causes... |
"bone break fever" |
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Second incidence of Dengue infection causes... |
hemorrhagic fever |
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Adamantane/Amantadine drug target virus |
Influenza A only |
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Tamiflu/Zanamivir drug target virus |
Influenza A AND B |
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Adamantane/Amantadine drug resistance prevalence |
up to 30%; almost all current strains resistant |
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Oseltamivir/Tamiflu drug resistance prevalence |
infrequent; unrelated to Zanamivir resistance (since requires conformational change of neuraminidase) |
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Side effects of Oseltamivir/Zanamivir |
GI upset |
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Principles/goals of Oseltamivir treatment |
Treat early; within 48 hours of detection to prevent worsening (this is peak of viral replication) |
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Adamantane/Amantadine administration & age |
oral; >1year |
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Oseltamivir administration & age |
oral; all ages |
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Zanamivir administration & age |
inhaled; >7yrs due to coordination required for administration |
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Acyclovir/Penciclovir/Gancyclovir method of action |
Guanosine analog, terminates viral DNA replication |
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Cidofovir method of action |
Cytosine analog, terminating viral DNA replication |
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Acyclovir/Valacyclovir is best in which herpesviridae? |
HSV, VZV |
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Gancyclovir is best for which herpesvirus? |
CMV |
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Cidofovir is used for which herpesviridae? |
For strains resistant to Acyclovir/Penciclovir |
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Side effects of Acyclovir/Vancyclovir |
well-tolerated; long course causes neutropenia; IV can cause nephrotoxicity |
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Side effects of Gancyclovir/Valgancyclovir |
risk infections & IV injection site; bone marrow toxicity; CNS effects; teratogenic (do not use in pregnancy) |
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Side effects of Cidofovir |
dose-dependent nephrotoxicity; neutropenia; carcinogenic; teratogenic |
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Interferon-alpha method of action |
large glycoprotein/cytokine which boosts host antiviral response |
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Ribaravin method of action |
Purine nucleoside analog, terminates viral DNA replication |
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Anti-Hepatitis drugs |
IFN-alpha, ribaravin |
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Adamantane/Amantadine method of action |
blocks M2 ion channel of influenza A to prevent viral uncoating (influenza B lacks the M2 target) |
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Oseltamivir/Zanamivir method of action |
inhibit neuraminidase and prevent virion release from host cell, clumping virions together & preventing spread of infection |
