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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many human hepatitis viruses are there?
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8 Hepatits Viruses
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what family does HAV belong to?
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Piconaviridae
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what family does HBV belong to?
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Hepadnavidine
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What family does HCV belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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what family does HEV belong to?
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Calciviridae
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what family does HGV belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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what is another name that HAV is known by?
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infectious hepatitis A
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describe the biological structure of HAV
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naked
capsid belongs to Picornavirida (+) ssRNA |
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what is the incubation period for HAV?
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one month
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Is hepatitis A an acute or chronic infection?
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Acute
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Is HAV fatal?
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NO
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describe the clinical findings of HAV.
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immune system damages liver
abrupt onset of symptoms 4-6 days before jaundice appears Fever, fatigue, nausea, loss of apetite, abdominal pain |
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How is HAV shed?
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shed virus in feces before jaundice appears and after symptoms resolve
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what are common sources of HAV outbreaks?
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contaminated water, food, shell fish, day care centers
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how is HAV diagnosed?
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time course of symptoms & confirmed by lab
-Serology is used to detect anti-HAV IgM in blood |
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Is there an antiviral drug fro HAV?
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NO
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How do you prevent HAV?
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prevent infection by adequate hygiene and clean drinking water
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Is there a vaccine for HAV?
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killed vaccine available for travelers, relief workers, in endemic areas and required for school children
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what family does HEV belong to?
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Calcivirus (Norwalk like group)
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describe the biological structure of HEV.
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(+) ss-RNA
non-segmented Icosohedral |
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how is HEV transmitted?
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fecal oral route
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True or False
HEV has a high mortality rate |
TRUE
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True/False
HEV is a very common disease in developed countries |
False
It is a very rare disease in developed countries |
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what liver enzymes do the Hepatitis group of viruses disrupt?
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AST: aspartate transaminase
ALT: alanine transaminase |
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Is HBV an enveloped virus?
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YES
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Is HBV a durable virus?
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YES
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what type of genome does HBV have?
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dsDNA Enveloped Icoshedral Circular genome
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how does HBV replicate?
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through an RNA intermediate
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What are the HBV antigens that are important in diagnosis in serology?
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core Antigen: HBcAg surrounds genome & nucleoprotein
surface Antigen: HBsAg made of 3 viral glycoproteins-found in the envelope surrounding viron enveloped Ag: HBeAg: useful in serology |
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is HBV a direct pathology?
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NO
-caused by a cell-mediated immunity -immune system causes inflammation |
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Is HBV an acute or chronic infection?
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it can be either depending on immune response to infection
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describe an acute HBV infection
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long incubation period, with gradual onset
fever, malasia, anorexia, nausea, vomitting, abdominal discomfort, chills, jaundice, dark urine, pale stool Antibody: HBsAg complex can cause hypersensitivity reaction |
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describe a chronic HBV infection
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may be asymptomatic carriers
liver enzyme abnormalities -increased ASL & ALT progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure |
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Describe Primary Hepatocellular carcinoma
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HBV is responsible for 80% of cases
-chronic infection 9-35 years before PHC develops caused by chronic infection that is causing continual liver repair which can lead to cancer HBV integrates into chromosomal DNA and may change cell growth regulation |
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How is HBV spread?
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-blood, milk, semen, saliva, vaginal and intestinal secretions, amniotic fluid
-close contact -latent virus presents in hepatocytes |
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How is HBV diagnosed?
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clinical symptoms
increased liver enzymes Serology confirmation |
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If a patient had a serology test come back with HBcAb (IgM) what would this indicate?
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recent acute infection
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If a patient had a serology test come back with HBsAg or HBeAb what would this indicate?
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chronic infection
had infection for greater than 6 months and there are no antibodies present |
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If a serology test came back with HBsAb what does this indicate?
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resolved infection
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what does a serology test with HBeAg indicate?
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infectious virus present
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what is the HBsAg window?
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HBsAg or HBsAb cannot be detected
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what would you use for treatment of HBV?
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alpha interferon
reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
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what are some drugs that can be used to treat HBV?
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Lamirudine & Adeforvir (HIV)
Entecavir Telbivadine -these are reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
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describe the biological structure of HCV.
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enveloped (+) ssRNA
Flaviviridae family |
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describe the Path & Clinical Syndromes
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attaches to CD81 cell surface receptors
coats itself in LDL and is taken up by receptor mediated endocytosis into hepatocytes remains cell associated |
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what can happen with an HCV infection?
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recover and clear virus
or remain chronically infected |
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how is HCV diagnosed?
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elevated liver enzymes
confirmed by serology using ELISA detection of antibodies against viral proteins |
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How is HCV treated?
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alpha-interferon
Ribravanan + alpha interferon NO VACCINE AVAILABLE |
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what disease does HGV cause?
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NANBHV
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how is HGV transmitted?
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in the blood
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Is HGV a chronic or acute disease?
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CHRONIC INFECTION
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how is HGV detected?
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detected by reverse transcriptase, PCR, differentiation from HCV
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what family does HGV belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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Can HDV cause disease by itself?
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NO
requires HBV helper virus |
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what does the envelope of HDV contain?
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envelope contains HBsAg
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what disease is caused by an infection of both HDV and HBV?
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fulminate hepatitis
causes massive hepatic necrosis high fatality rate |
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How is HDV diagnosed?
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direct detection of delta antigen in blood
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what is found in the serology test for HDV?
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detect specific antibodies against HDV using ELISA/RIA
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Is there a treatment or vaccine for HDV?
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NO antiviral drugs
NO vaccine available |
