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32 Cards in this Set
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Bovine coronavirus
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neonatal diarrhea “calf scours” < 3 w
-diarrhea -high morbidity, low mortality -damage to villous and crypts -vaccination of dams winter dysentery – adult cattle -diarrhea (some bloody) and ↓milk -high morbidity, low mortality -separate equip. for manure and feed respiratory syndrome -sneezing/coughing – mild/subclinical -role in BRDC -pulmonary lesions |
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Mouse hepatitis virus
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coronavirus family
-high morbidity, high mortality (young/immunocomp.) -enterotropic strains – G.I tract (villous blunting, fusion, syncytial cells) -respiratory strain – infect nasal epithelium → liver, endothelium, lymph, brain (necrotizing) – (syncytial cells) |
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Infectious bronchitis virus
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-coronavirus family
-young chicks < 4 w – low mortality -respiratory form -reproductive form -renal form – high mortality |
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Equine arteritis virus
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-coronavirus family
-movement of horses, semen shipment -replicate in respiratory epithelium -vasculitis edema (prepuce, scrotum, limbs) -degenerate seminiferous tubules, ↓ semen -Ddx: equine flu, EHV-1,4, equine rhinitis A/B, equine adenovirus -identify, test, vaccinate non-carrier stallions, isolate pregnant mares -carrier stallions can bread w/ sero+ mares |
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Porcine repro. and respiratory syndrome virus
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-coronavirus family
-contributing factors: host age and genetics -2° agents: environment and management -abortion, cutaneous hyperemia, cyanosis, interstitial pneumonia -testing, killed/MLV vaccine, MANAGEMENT, sanitation |
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Reoviridae
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-segmented RNA
-icosahedral symmetry (spherical) -non-enveloped -double-shelled capsid (rotavirus) -stable in environment |
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Orbiviurs genus
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Reoviridae family
-african horse sickness virus -bluetongue virus -epizootic hemorrhagic fever virus |
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Rotavirus genus
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-Reoviridae family
-rotavirus A-G |
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African horse sickness virus
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-Reoviridae/orbivirus
-spread by midge nats -one of deadliest horse virus’ -1° replication in lymphnodes, lung, spleen -viremia → replication in endothelium (EDEMA) -peracute, subacute, acute, mild -Ddx: EVA, equine infectious anemia, purpa hemorrhagica |
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Bluetongue virus
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- Reoviridae/orbivirus
-SHEEP, antelope, deer -subclinical in the ox, goat, elk -midge nats (can be vertical trans. too) -24 serotypes -viremia → endothelium (EDEMA), thrombosis, infarction, swollen blue tongue -degeneration of skeletal/cardiac muscle and coronitis -reproductive disease with MLV vaccine |
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Epizootic hemorrhagic fever
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- Reoviridae/orbivirus
-deer -midge nats -viremia → endothelium (EDEMA), thrombosis, infarction,HEMORRHAGE,lameness |
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Rotavirus
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-Reovirdae/rotavirus
-young animals (1-8 weeks) -CALVES, piglets, foals, lambs, avian species, humans -fecal-oral route, stable and widespread -damaged villi → reduced absorptive capacity → loss of lactase → osmotic diarrhea -also with coronavirus, E. coli and Crypt. spp. -vaccinate dams, colostrum, nutrition, handling of sick calves |
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Infectious bursal disease
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-birnaviridae (single-shelled capsid)
-“Gumboro Disease” -lymphoid degeneration, necrosis, cystic cavities -subclinical – imcomplete bursal develop – long-lasting immunocompromised -clinical – maximal bursal development (increased mortality) |
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Retroviridae
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-ssRNA (2 of them) reverse transcript
-iscosahedral -enveloped -DNA intermediate |
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Lentivirus genus
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-Retroviridae
-caprine arthritis encephalitis virus -visna/maedi virus -equine infectious anemia virus -feline immunodeficiency virus |
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Reverse transcriptase
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-ssRNA → ssDNA → replicates to dsDNA
-poor proofreading -v-onc – more likely to cause tumors |
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Avian leucosis/sarcoma virus
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-retrovirus
-chickens, quail, pheasants -exogenous (lymphoid leukosis) –replication competent (catch the virus) – lymphoid tumors in bursa, liver, spleen and other organs -replication defective – more rapid (v-onc), erythroblastosis, myeloblastosis -endogenous – transmitted in germline |
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Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
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-ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus
-neoplasm of lungs -lose conditioning, dyspnea, moist rales, coughing, nasal discharge -2° infection with visna/maedi virus possible -normal appetite and temperature -cull affected animals -no vaccine, no treatment |
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Feline leukemia/sarcoma virus – incidence and subgroups
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-retrovirus
-low overall incidence (vaccine) -subgroup A – only infectious subgroup, least pathogenic, found in all infected cats, hematopoietic neoplasia -subgroup B – recombinant, 50% of infected cats, higher frequency in lymphosarcoma -subgroup C – mutant, rare 1%, higher frequency of fatal nonregenerative anemia -feline sarcoma virus – recombinant of FeLV with cellular oncogene, replication defective, rapidly transforming (firbrosarcomas), experimentally transmissible |
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Feline leukemia/sarcoma virus – incidence and subgroups
Feline leukemia/sarcoma virus - rest |
-retrovirus
-transmitted via body fluids and direct contact -lymphoma/sarcoma, immunosuppression and anemia, hematopoietic tumors -ELISA (preferred), FA (persistent viremic phase), PCR (if others negative) -vaccination or at risk cats after FeLV testing |
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Bovine leukemia virus
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-retrovirus
-“lymphoma” “lymphosarcoma” “enzootic bovine leukosis” -transmission via lymphocytes (insects, milk, in utero, iatrogenic) -common sites: abomasum, heart, uterus, spleen -neoplasia of B cells, lymphoid tissue, multiple organs -more cows, more mingling, more vaccines more movement – all causes -be clean, smart to prevent |
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Enzootic vs. sporadic bovine leucosis
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-retrovirus
-enzootic – adult, seropositive, asymptomatic most common, ↓ milk and repro. efficiency, ↑ susceptibility to disease -restriction of sales, semen and embryos to foreign markets -sporadic bovine leucosis – young cattle, seronegative, not caused by virus, juvenile form (leukemia), thymic form, cutaneous form -eradication via test and slaughter |
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Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
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-retrovirus/lentivirus
-vertical transmission via colostrum and milk, horizontal too -myeloencephalitis form – young kids, often fatal -arthritis form – adult goats, survive nervous form or prior subclinical infection -replicate in macrophage so strong CMI response with persistence of virus -slowly progressive disease -lymphocytic/lymphoproliferative inflammation -AGID (some errors) and ELISA -isolation of kids at birth |
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Visna/Maedi virus
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-retrovirus/lentivirus
-“ovine progressive pneumonia” -vertical and horizontal transmission -pneumonia, myeloencephalitis and arthritis/mastitis forms -fatal in adult sheep - replicate in macrophage so strong CMI response with persistence of virus -AGID and ELISA -isolate kids |
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Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (Lentivirus)
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-retrovirus/lentivirus
-transmitted by arthropods (stable fly, horse fly, mosquito), non sterile equipment -Infection of M0/MP, Kupffer cells -viremia spread to liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and kidney -immune complex deposition (virus, Ab, C3) w/ RBC destruction -Virus is constantly produced; despite horse having good immune response dz persists due to frequent changes in surface proteins |
2 types of dz:
1. Acute- high fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, edema *death may occur in 2-3wks 2. Chronic dz (majority)- recurrent fever, wt loss, lethargy, anemia, petechial hemorrhages, edema, abortion, dec fertility, CNS involvement, ataxia *most are in apparent carriers after 12mths |
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EIAV
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Dx:
AGID ELISA -both use serum Control: Sero testing of all horses Removal of sero + or separate by >200 yards Fly and insect ctrl No vaccine available |
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Retroviridae:
Feline immunodeficiency virus |
-retrovirus/lentivirus
-acquired immunodeficiency w/ chronic 2ndary and opportunistic infections -< 24% incidence rate in high risk cats in US (<5% in healthy cats) -multiple subtypes (A-E) with lack of cross-protection |
3 phases: Acute- spread to lymphoid organs->viremia (fever, lymphadenopathy) Subclinical- CD8 response suppresses viremia Terminal- Dec CD4 cells, dec CMI->2ndary infections |
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Feline Immunodeficiency virus contd
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CS:
Fever, wt loss, emaciation, enteritis, diarrhea, stomatitis, gingivitis, respiratory infections, UTI, dermatitis, nero abnormalities, non-FeLV related lymphomas, myeloproliferative dz |
DX:
ELISA- serum(many FP, requires confirmatory + test) Western blot- serum, confirmation test FIV PCR- tests not currently reliable AGID Ctrl: killed vaccine available (subtype A,D) -available sero tests don’t differentiate b/w vaccinated vs infected cats -possibility of superinfection with additional serotypes -sero screening isolation of sero+ cats and sanitization |
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Prions
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-Prion protein (PrPc)- normal cellular protein in neurons
-dz caused by abnormally folded isoforms of PrPc-> PrPsc PrPc- protease sensitive PrPsc-protease resistant, aggregation into dense fibers -presence of PrPsc promotes normal PrPc->PrPsc |
Properties:
-resistant to heat, chemicals, radiation, disinfection -spongiform change in brain |
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Scrapies (OvPRPSc)
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-Prions
Fatal dz in sheep, goats >3 yrs CS: loss of wool (self trauma), CNS signs Histo chgs: microcavitation of neoropil, axonal degeneration, intraneuronal vaculoation, absence of inflammatory response (no detectable cellular or humoral IR) DX: Histopath, IHC |
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Bovine Spongiform encephalopathy
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-prions
CS=decreased milk production, behavioral changes, hyperesthesia, wt loss, ataxia, paresis, recumbancy Pathogenesis: replication in Pyer’s patches with spread to CNS via peripheral nn Dx: ELISA (detect prion protein, sample from obex***) Western Blot, IHC (if test +ELISA) |
Transmission:
- To cattle via feeding of sheep derived meat and bone meal - To humans via variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease vCJD Histo Chgs: Similar to scrapes (microcavitation of neuropil, axonal degeneration, intraneuronal vacuolation, absence of inflammatory response no detectable cellular or humoral IR) |
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Chronic Wasting Dz
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-prions
-fatal to deer, elk -transmission via direct contact or environment |
CS: staggering, drooling, droopy ears, rough coat, behavioral changes, ataxia, emaciation, aspiration pneumonia
Dx: similar to scrapies IHC? |
