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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
type of vaccine that induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity
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Live
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no booster needed with this type of vaccine
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Live
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type of vaccine that only induces humoral immunity, but is stable
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Killed
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type of vaccine that needs booster to keep up memory
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Killed
no longer infective, need to be phagocytosed by macrophages >> MHC II >> CD4+ Tc |
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smallpox, yellow fever, VZV, Sabin's polio, MMR
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Live attenuated
MMR okay for HIV PTs |
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rabies, influenza, Salk polio, HAV
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Killed
generate humoral response, therefore no entry into cell |
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HBV, HPV
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Recombinant vaccines
HPV = 6, 11, 16, 18 |
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all DNA are dsDNA except _______
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parvovirus
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all DNA are linear except _______, __________, and ___________.
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hepadnavirus
polyoma, papilloma (circular) |
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All RNA are ssRNA except _____ and ______.
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rotavirus
reovirus |
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Positive-stranded RNA viruses...
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I went to a retro toga party and drank flavored corona and ate hippy california pickles.
retrovirus togavirus flavivirus coronavirus hepevirus calicivirus picornavirus |
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purified nucleic acids of most dsDNA (except poxviruses and HBV) and positve strand ssRNA (~mRNA) are/are not infectious?
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ARE infectious
naked nucleic acids of neg strand ssRNA and dsRNA are not infectious (require enzymes contained in the complete virion) |
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all viruses are haploid except ______
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retroviruses
(which have 2 identical ssRNA molecules//diploid) |
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all replicate in the nucleus (except ____)
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DNA; poxvirus
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all replicate in the cytoplasm (except ______ and _________)
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RNA
influenza virus and retrovirus |
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Calcivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma?
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Naked viruses
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Generally, enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from _______ when they exit from cell.
Exceptions are _______, which acquire envelopes from nuclear membrane. |
plasma membrane
herpesviruses |
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DNA enveloped viruses (3)
RNA enveloped viruses |
DNA:
herpesviruses HBV smallpox virus RNA: influenza virus, parainfluenza, RSV MMR, rabies, HTLV, HIV |
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DNA nucleocapsid viruses (3)
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DNA:
adenovirus papillomaviruses parvovirus |
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RNA nucleocapsid viruses
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enteroviruses (polio, coxsackievirus, echovirus, HAV)
rhinovirus, reovirus (rotavirus) |
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all DNA viruses are icosahedral except ______; all replicate in the nucleus except _______ (carries own _______)
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poxvirus (for both)
carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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herpesviruses include...
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HSV-1 and 2
VZV EBV CMV HHV-6, 7, 8 (roseola...n/a, Kaposi's) |
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Hapadnavirus is also known as...
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HBV
not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase |
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febrile pharyngitis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children, pneumonia, pink eye
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Adenovirus (DNA)
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pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis in adults
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parvovirus
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HPV
warts -- ?? CIN, cervical cancer -- ?? |
papillomavirus
warts--- 1, 2, 6, 11 CIN, cervical cancer --- 16, 18 |
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progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV -- JC
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Polyomavirus
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smallpox
cowpox molluscum cantagiosum -- flesh-colored dome lesions with central dimple |
poxvirus
(largest DNA virus) |
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herpesviruses can remain latent in ganglia or cells:
HSV-1 -- ____ ganglia HSV-2 -- ____ ganglia VZV -- _____ and _____ ganglia EBV -- ______ CMV -- ______ |
HSV-1: trigeminal ganglia
HSV-2: sacral ganglia VZV: trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia EBV: B cells CMV: mononuclear cells |
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Tzanck test is used for...
infected cells have intranuclear ______ ___ inclusions |
herpes, VZV
multinucleated giant cells Cowdry A inclusions |
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posterior cervical lymph nodes
HSM, fever, pharyngitis, infects B cells >> reactive circulating cytotoxic T cells/"atypical lymphocytes" heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs |
EBV
(herpesvirus) >> mononucleosis primary CNS lymphomas in immunsuppressed PTs (AIDS) |
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#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?
how many segments in this viral family? |
Rotavirus
(Reovirus) 10-12 segments |
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coxsackievirus -- asceptic meningitis herpangina --- febrile pharyngitis, hand foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis
HAV |
Picornavirus
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HCV
Dengue fever Yellow fever West Nile Virus |
Flavivirus
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Influenza virus
how many segments? |
Orthomyxoviruses
8 segments |
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parainfluenza
mumps measles |
Paramyxoviruses
nonsegmented |
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Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
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Filoviruses
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LCMV
Lassa fever encephalitis how many segments? |
Arenovirus
2 segments; circular |
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Hantavirus
how many segments? |
Bunyavirus
3 segments; circular |
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this type of virus brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
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negative-stranded viruses
must transcribe to positive in order to infect. |
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posterior cervical lymph nodes
HSM, fever, pharyngitis, infects B cells >> reactive circulating cytotoxic T cells/"atypical lymphocytes" heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs |
EBV
(herpesvirus) >> mononucleosis primary CNS lymphomas in immunsuppressed PTs (AIDS) |
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#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?
how many segments in this viral family? |
Rotavirus
(Reovirus) 10-12 segments |
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coxsackievirus -- asceptic meningitis herpangina --- febrile pharyngitis, hand foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis
HAV |
Picornavirus
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HCV
Dengue fever Yellow fever West Nile Virus |
Flavivirus
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Influenza virus
how many segments? |
Orthomyxoviruses
8 segments |
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parainfluenza
mumps measles |
Paramyxoviruses
nonsegmented |
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Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
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Filoviruses
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LCMV
Lassa fever encephalitis how many segments? |
Arenovirus
2 segments; circular |
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Hantavirus
how many segments? |
Bunyavirus
3 segments; circular |
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this type of virus brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
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negative-stranded viruses
must transcribe to positive in order to infect. |
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posterior cervical lymph nodes
HSM, fever, pharyngitis, infects B cells >> reactive circulating cytotoxic T cells/"atypical lymphocytes" heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs |
EBV
(herpesvirus) >> mononucleosis primary CNS lymphomas in immunsuppressed PTs (AIDS) |
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#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?
how many segments in this viral family? |
Rotavirus
(Reovirus) 10-12 segments |
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coxsackievirus -- asceptic meningitis herpangina --- febrile pharyngitis, hand foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis
HAV |
Picornavirus
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HCV
Dengue fever Yellow fever West Nile Virus |
Flavivirus
|
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Influenza virus
how many segments? |
Orthomyxoviruses
8 segments |
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parainfluenza
mumps measles |
Paramyxoviruses
nonsegmented |
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Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
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Filoviruses
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LCMV
Lassa fever encephalitis how many segments? |
Arenovirus
2 segments; circular |
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Hantavirus
how many segments? |
Bunyavirus
3 segments; circular |
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this type of virus brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
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negative-stranded viruses
must transcribe to positive in order to infect. |
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smallest RNA virus
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picornavirus
most are enteroviruses (except rhinovirus) RNA is translated >> 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins |
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high fever, black vomitus, jaundice?
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Yellow fever virus
(Flavivirus/arbovirus) transmitted by Aedes mosquitos |
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enveloped, ssRNA with segmented genome.
Contain hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry) and neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release) antigens. patients at risk for fatal bacterial superinfection |
Influenza viruses
(Orthomyxoviruses) |
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fever, postauricular tenderness, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine truncal rash?
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Rubella virus
(Togavirus; German 3-day measles) TORCH |
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All subtypes contain surface F (fusion) protein >> respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells..
what is the preferred tx to neutralize F protein? |
Paramyxoviruses
tx: Palivizumab |
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red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa
SSPE (years later) encephalitis giant cell pneumonia rash from head to toe |
Rubeola (measles) virus
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Parotitis
Orchitis Aseptic meningitis >>sterility after puberty |
Mumps virus
(Paramyxovirus) |
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cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons
commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum bullet-shaped capsid |
Negri bodies
Rabies virus (Rhabdoviruses; Travels to the CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up nerve axons) |
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high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash
(viral infection) |
Roseola
(HHV-6) |
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HIV:
p24 function? gp41 and gp120 function? |
p24 = capsid protein
gp41 (fusion and entry) + gp120 (attachment to CD4 Tc) = envelope proteins |
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the 3 structural genes (protein coded for):
env: ? gag: ? pol: ? |
env: gp120 and gp41
gag: p24 -- antigenic Abs made to this matrix protein (p17); core proteins pol: reverse transcriptase |
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virus binds CXCR4 and CD4 on T cells
binds CCR5 and CD4 on ________ homozygous CCR5 mutation = ______ heterozygous CCR5 mutation = ______ |
macrophages
hom = immunity het = slower course |
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positive ELISA results are confirmed with _____ blot assay
often falsely ____ in the first 1-2 months of HIV infection and falsely _____ initially in babies born to infected mothers (anti-gp120 crosses placenta) |
Western
negative positive |
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tat, reve, and ref serve as ____ in HIV
decreased CD4 and MHC II result |
enhancers
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caused by the conversion of a normal cellular protein PrPc to a beta-pleated form, PrPsc (which is transmissible
resists degradation and facilitates the conversion of more to PrPsc >> accumulation results in... |
spongiform encephalopathy
dementia, ataxia, death (Prions) sporadic = Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- rapidly progressive dementia inherited = Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome acquired = kuru |
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CSF:
high pressure, high PMNs, high protein low sugar |
Bacterial meningitis
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CSF: high pressure, high lymphocytes, high protein
low sugar |
Fungal/TB
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CSF:
normal/high pressure, high lymphocytes normal/high protein, normal glucose |
Viral
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positive leukocyte esterase test
positive nitrite test |
bacterial UTI
gram-negative bacterial UTI (except S. saprophyticus) |
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ToRCHeS infections?
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Toxoplasma gondii
Rubella CMV HIV Herpes simplex virus Syphilis |
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infection of liver capsule and "violin string" adhesions or parietal peritoneum to liver
this is caused by what condition? |
PID
(Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome) |
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pus, empyema, abscess
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S. aureus
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Pediatric infection; epiglottis
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H. influenzae
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Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Traumatic open wound
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Clostridium perfringens
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Surgical wound
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S. aureus
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Dog or cate bite
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Pasteurella multocida
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Currant jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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Positive PAS stain
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Tropheryma whippelii
Whipple's disease) |
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Sepsis/meningitis in newborn
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Group B strep
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Health care provider
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HBV (from needle stick)
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Fungal infection in diabetic
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Mucor or Rhizopus spp.
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Asplenic patient
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Encapsulated microbes
(SHiN -- S. pneum, H. influ type B, N. meningitidis) |
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Chronic granulomatous disease
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Catalase-positive microbes
S. aureus Nocardia spp. Aspergillus spp. |
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Neutropenic patients
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Candida albicans (systemic)
Aspergillus |
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Bilateral Bell's palsy
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Borrelia burgdorferi
(Lyme disease) |