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97 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
type of vaccine that induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Live
no booster needed with this type of vaccine
Live
type of vaccine that only induces humoral immunity, but is stable
Killed
type of vaccine that needs booster to keep up memory
Killed

no longer infective, need to be phagocytosed by macrophages >> MHC II >> CD4+ Tc
smallpox, yellow fever, VZV, Sabin's polio, MMR
Live attenuated

MMR okay for HIV PTs
rabies, influenza, Salk polio, HAV
Killed

generate humoral response, therefore no entry into cell
HBV, HPV
Recombinant vaccines

HPV = 6, 11, 16, 18
all DNA are dsDNA except _______
parvovirus
all DNA are linear except _______, __________, and ___________.
hepadnavirus

polyoma,

papilloma
(circular)
All RNA are ssRNA except _____ and ______.
rotavirus
reovirus
Positive-stranded RNA viruses...
I went to a retro toga party and drank flavored corona and ate hippy california pickles.

retrovirus
togavirus
flavivirus
coronavirus
hepevirus
calicivirus
picornavirus
purified nucleic acids of most dsDNA (except poxviruses and HBV) and positve strand ssRNA (~mRNA) are/are not infectious?
ARE infectious

naked nucleic acids of neg strand ssRNA and dsRNA are not infectious (require enzymes contained in the complete virion)
all viruses are haploid except ______
retroviruses
(which have 2 identical ssRNA molecules//diploid)
all replicate in the nucleus (except ____)
DNA; poxvirus
all replicate in the cytoplasm (except ______ and _________)
RNA

influenza virus and retrovirus
Calcivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma?
Naked viruses
Generally, enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from _______ when they exit from cell.

Exceptions are _______, which acquire envelopes from nuclear membrane.
plasma membrane

herpesviruses
DNA enveloped viruses (3)

RNA enveloped viruses
DNA:
herpesviruses
HBV
smallpox virus

RNA:
influenza virus, parainfluenza, RSV
MMR, rabies, HTLV, HIV
DNA nucleocapsid viruses (3)
DNA:
adenovirus
papillomaviruses
parvovirus
RNA nucleocapsid viruses
enteroviruses (polio, coxsackievirus, echovirus, HAV)
rhinovirus,
reovirus (rotavirus)
all DNA viruses are icosahedral except ______; all replicate in the nucleus except _______ (carries own _______)
poxvirus (for both)

carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
herpesviruses include...
HSV-1 and 2
VZV
EBV
CMV
HHV-6, 7, 8 (roseola...n/a, Kaposi's)
Hapadnavirus is also known as...
HBV

not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase
febrile pharyngitis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children, pneumonia, pink eye
Adenovirus (DNA)
pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis in adults
parvovirus
HPV

warts -- ??
CIN, cervical cancer -- ??
papillomavirus

warts--- 1, 2, 6, 11

CIN, cervical cancer --- 16, 18
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV -- JC
Polyomavirus
smallpox
cowpox
molluscum cantagiosum -- flesh-colored dome lesions with central dimple
poxvirus

(largest DNA virus)
herpesviruses can remain latent in ganglia or cells:

HSV-1 -- ____ ganglia
HSV-2 -- ____ ganglia
VZV -- _____ and _____ ganglia
EBV -- ______
CMV -- ______
HSV-1: trigeminal ganglia

HSV-2: sacral ganglia

VZV: trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

EBV: B cells

CMV: mononuclear cells
Tzanck test is used for...

infected cells have intranuclear ______ ___ inclusions
herpes, VZV

multinucleated giant cells

Cowdry A inclusions
posterior cervical lymph nodes

HSM, fever, pharyngitis,

infects B cells >> reactive circulating cytotoxic T cells/"atypical lymphocytes"

heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
EBV

(herpesvirus) >> mononucleosis

primary CNS lymphomas in immunsuppressed PTs (AIDS)
#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?

how many segments in this viral family?
Rotavirus

(Reovirus)
10-12 segments
coxsackievirus -- asceptic meningitis herpangina --- febrile pharyngitis, hand foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis

HAV
Picornavirus
HCV
Dengue fever
Yellow fever
West Nile Virus
Flavivirus
Influenza virus

how many segments?
Orthomyxoviruses

8 segments
parainfluenza
mumps
measles
Paramyxoviruses

nonsegmented
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Filoviruses
LCMV
Lassa fever encephalitis

how many segments?
Arenovirus

2 segments; circular
Hantavirus

how many segments?
Bunyavirus

3 segments; circular
this type of virus brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
negative-stranded viruses

must transcribe to positive in order to infect.
posterior cervical lymph nodes

HSM, fever, pharyngitis,

infects B cells >> reactive circulating cytotoxic T cells/"atypical lymphocytes"

heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
EBV

(herpesvirus) >> mononucleosis

primary CNS lymphomas in immunsuppressed PTs (AIDS)
#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?

how many segments in this viral family?
Rotavirus

(Reovirus)
10-12 segments
coxsackievirus -- asceptic meningitis herpangina --- febrile pharyngitis, hand foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis

HAV
Picornavirus
HCV
Dengue fever
Yellow fever
West Nile Virus
Flavivirus
Influenza virus

how many segments?
Orthomyxoviruses

8 segments
parainfluenza
mumps
measles
Paramyxoviruses

nonsegmented
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Filoviruses
LCMV
Lassa fever encephalitis

how many segments?
Arenovirus

2 segments; circular
Hantavirus

how many segments?
Bunyavirus

3 segments; circular
this type of virus brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
negative-stranded viruses

must transcribe to positive in order to infect.
posterior cervical lymph nodes

HSM, fever, pharyngitis,

infects B cells >> reactive circulating cytotoxic T cells/"atypical lymphocytes"

heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs
EBV

(herpesvirus) >> mononucleosis

primary CNS lymphomas in immunsuppressed PTs (AIDS)
#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?

how many segments in this viral family?
Rotavirus

(Reovirus)
10-12 segments
coxsackievirus -- asceptic meningitis herpangina --- febrile pharyngitis, hand foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis

HAV
Picornavirus
HCV
Dengue fever
Yellow fever
West Nile Virus
Flavivirus
Influenza virus

how many segments?
Orthomyxoviruses

8 segments
parainfluenza
mumps
measles
Paramyxoviruses

nonsegmented
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Filoviruses
LCMV
Lassa fever encephalitis

how many segments?
Arenovirus

2 segments; circular
Hantavirus

how many segments?
Bunyavirus

3 segments; circular
this type of virus brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
negative-stranded viruses

must transcribe to positive in order to infect.
smallest RNA virus
picornavirus

most are enteroviruses (except rhinovirus)

RNA is translated >> 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins
high fever, black vomitus, jaundice?
Yellow fever virus

(Flavivirus/arbovirus) transmitted by Aedes mosquitos
enveloped, ssRNA with segmented genome.

Contain hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry) and neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release) antigens.

patients at risk for fatal bacterial superinfection
Influenza viruses
(Orthomyxoviruses)
fever, postauricular tenderness, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine truncal rash?
Rubella virus

(Togavirus; German 3-day measles)
TORCH
All subtypes contain surface F (fusion) protein >> respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells..

what is the preferred tx to neutralize F protein?
Paramyxoviruses

tx: Palivizumab
red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa

SSPE (years later)
encephalitis
giant cell pneumonia
rash from head to toe
Rubeola (measles) virus
Parotitis
Orchitis
Aseptic meningitis
>>sterility after puberty
Mumps virus
(Paramyxovirus)
cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons
commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum
bullet-shaped capsid
Negri bodies

Rabies virus
(Rhabdoviruses; Travels to the CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up nerve axons)
high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

(viral infection)
Roseola
(HHV-6)
HIV:

p24 function?

gp41 and gp120 function?
p24 = capsid protein

gp41 (fusion and entry) + gp120 (attachment to CD4 Tc) = envelope proteins
the 3 structural genes (protein coded for):
env: ?
gag: ?
pol: ?
env: gp120 and gp41
gag: p24 -- antigenic Abs made to this
matrix protein (p17); core proteins
pol: reverse transcriptase
virus binds CXCR4 and CD4 on T cells
binds CCR5 and CD4 on ________

homozygous CCR5 mutation = ______
heterozygous CCR5 mutation = ______
macrophages

hom = immunity

het = slower course
positive ELISA results are confirmed with _____ blot assay

often falsely ____ in the first 1-2 months of HIV infection and falsely _____ initially in babies born to infected mothers (anti-gp120 crosses placenta)
Western

negative

positive
tat, reve, and ref serve as ____ in HIV

decreased CD4 and MHC II result
enhancers
caused by the conversion of a normal cellular protein PrPc to a beta-pleated form, PrPsc (which is transmissible

resists degradation and facilitates the conversion of more to PrPsc >> accumulation results in...
spongiform encephalopathy
dementia, ataxia, death

(Prions)

sporadic = Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- rapidly progressive dementia

inherited = Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome

acquired = kuru
CSF:

high pressure, high PMNs, high protein
low sugar
Bacterial meningitis
CSF: high pressure, high lymphocytes, high protein
low sugar
Fungal/TB
CSF:
normal/high pressure, high lymphocytes
normal/high protein, normal glucose
Viral
positive leukocyte esterase test

positive nitrite test
bacterial UTI

gram-negative bacterial UTI
(except S. saprophyticus)
ToRCHeS infections?
Toxoplasma gondii
Rubella
CMV
HIV
Herpes simplex virus
Syphilis
infection of liver capsule and "violin string" adhesions or parietal peritoneum to liver

this is caused by what condition?
PID

(Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome)
pus, empyema, abscess
S. aureus
Pediatric infection; epiglottis
H. influenzae
Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
Traumatic open wound
Clostridium perfringens
Surgical wound
S. aureus
Dog or cate bite
Pasteurella multocida
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
Positive PAS stain
Tropheryma whippelii
Whipple's disease)
Sepsis/meningitis in newborn
Group B strep
Health care provider
HBV (from needle stick)
Fungal infection in diabetic
Mucor or Rhizopus spp.
Asplenic patient
Encapsulated microbes
(SHiN -- S. pneum, H. influ type B, N. meningitidis)
Chronic granulomatous disease
Catalase-positive microbes
S. aureus
Nocardia spp.
Aspergillus spp.
Neutropenic patients
Candida albicans (systemic)
Aspergillus
Bilateral Bell's palsy
Borrelia burgdorferi
(Lyme disease)