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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why are Arboviruses called Arboviruses?
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Arthropod-borne viruses
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Why are Roboviruses called Roboviruses?
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Rodent-borne viruses
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An insect can itself be a reservoir of Arbovirus if:
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Transovarial transmission occurs
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What are three Arbovirus disease symptoms?
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Flu-like symptoms
Encephalitis Haemorrhagic fever |
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What type of virus is West Nile virus (WNV)?
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An arthropod-borne flavivirus
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What are some clinical features of West Nile?
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1. Mild infection
2. Severe infection -1 in 150 infections result in severe neurological disease |
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The most significant risk factor for developing West Nile virus induced severe neurological disease is:
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Advanced age
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What is the most efficient method of WNV detection?
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IgM antibody to WNV in serum or CSF
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Why do local measures to control the spread of Japanese encephalitis fail?
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The transmission cycle involves the Culex mosquito which has a flight range of 20 km
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Describe the forms of the Yellow fever virus
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Jungle YF
-the natural reservoir of the disease involving primates and forest mosquitoes - humans may become incidentally infected upon venturing into jungle Urban YF- transmitted between humans by Aedes aegypti |
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Why if given the choice, would you probably rather not have Yellow fever?
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GI hemorrhage leads to “black vomit” and 50% of patients with frank YF die
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What is the biggest Arbovirus problem in the world today?
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Dengue
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There are how many Dengue serotypes?
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4 Dengue serotypes
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How do human Dengue infections arise?
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From human-Aedes mosquito-human
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How do severe cases of Dengue present?
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With HF and shock with a mortality of 5-10% (Dengue HF or Dengue shock syndrome)
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Severe cases of Dengue are seen most often in which patients?
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Previously infected with a different serotype, suggesting an immunopathogenic mechanism
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The Togaviruses carried by mosquitoes include which viruses that cause flu-like symptoms that can progress to encephalitis:
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Equine encephalitis viruses
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What is the most important cause of pediatric arbovirus encephalitis in the U.S.?
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La Crosse Virus
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Name a rodent-borne Bunyavirus
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Hantavirus
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The multi-system pathology of Hantavirus Disease (HVD) is characterized by:
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Damage to capillaries and small vessel walls, resulting in vasodilation and congestion with hemorrhages
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Classically Hantavirus consists of 5 distinct phases:
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Febrile phase
Hypotensive phase Oliguric phase - may include renal failure and shock Diuretic phase Convalescent phase |
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What virus can cause serious hemorrhagic disease due to infection of the vascular endothelium?
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Colorado Tick Fever Virus
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Can you guess how Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) differs from Hantavirus Disease?
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Damage to capillaries occurs predominantly in the lungs rather than the kidney
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How are robovirus infections frequently spread
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By urine/feces via inhalation
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What are the two main disease types caused by Arboviruses
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Viral encephalitis and Fevers/VHF
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What are some basic characteristics of Arboviruses and Roboviruses
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All are RNA viruses
Most are enveloped |
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What are the four main arthropod vectors of Arboviruses
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Aedes mosquito
Culex mosquito Ticks Sandfly |
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Infection with what should be strongly considered in adults older than 50 who develop unexplained encephalitis or meningitis in summer or early fall
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WNV, or other arboviral diseases such as St. Louis encephalitis
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Why does IgM antibody in CSF strongly suggest central nervous system infection
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IgM antibody does not cross the blood-brain barrier
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