Virology 14 Paramyxoviruses And Rubella*

Front 1

Which viruses represent the most important agents of respiratory infections in both infants and young children?

Back 1

Paramyxoviruses

Front 2

Describe the genome of Paramyxoviruses

Back 2

Helical nucleocapsid containing ss(-) RNA genome and nucleocapsid (NP) protein

Front 3

The Paramyxovirus envelope derived from cell plasma membrane contains what three viral proteins

Back 3

M Matrix protein
HN Hemagglutin-neuraminidase glycoprotein
F Fusion glycoprotein

Front 4

What is the function of the Paramyxovirus M protein

Back 4

The matrix protein lies under the membrane and aids in virus budding

Front 5

What is the function of the Paramyxovirus HN protein

Back 5

The hemaglutin-neuraminidase glycoprotein is responsible for attachment to sialic acid-containing receptors

Front 6

What is the function of the Paramyxovirus F protein

Back 6

The fusion glycoprotein. It must be cleaved by cellular proteases to exhibit fusion activity and for the virion to be infectious

Front 7

At what pH does the Paramyxovirus envelope fuse with cell membrane, releasing nucleocapsid and polymerase proteins into cytoplasm?

Back 7

At neutral or alkaline pH

Front 8

What do all 5 Paramyxovirus serotypes cause?

Back 8

Local infections of the respiratory tract

Front 9

What disease do RSV and hPIV3 account for

Back 9

~30% of severe viral respiratory tract disease leading to hospitalization of infants and children

Front 10

What is the major syndrome caused by Parainfluenza type 1 and 2

Back 10

Croup

Front 11

What is the major syndrome caused by PIV 3

Back 11

Bronchiolitis Pneumonia

Front 12

What is the major syndrome caused by PIV 4

Back 12

URI

Front 13

What is the major syndrome caused by RSV

Back 13

Bronchiolitis Pneumonia

Front 14

What is the MOST important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children and will infect virtually all infants by age 2

Back 14

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Front 15

What type of infection is mumps?

Back 15

Mumps is a systemic infection with long incubation period (3 weeks)

Front 16

Unlike most Togaviruses, Rubella virus has no known invertebrate host, and the known natural reservoir for Rubella virus is:

Back 16

Humans

Front 17

What does MOP stand for in terms of the complications/manifestations of mumps?

Back 17

Aseptic Meningitis
Parotitis
Orchitis

Front 18

Why does mumps infection confer lifelong immunity?

Back 18

There is only one serotype worldwide and infection is systemic

Front 19

Besides mumps, what is another systemic Paramyxovirus infection?

Back 19

Measles virus

Front 20

What bunch of letters is associated with a measles infection?

Back 20

3 C’s of measles infection:
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

Front 21

Why is the measles incubation period noteworthy?

Back 21

Measles has a long incubation period (about two weeks)

Front 22

What is a characteristic clinical symptom of measles

Back 22

Koplik's spots

Front 23

How can measles virus replicate in lymphoid tissue and convert previously positive tuberculin tests to negatives?

Back 23

Measles infection is immunosuppressive

Front 24

Is Rubella a Paramyxovirus

Back 24

No, Rubella virus is a Togavirus

Front 25

What disease is Rubella the cause of?

Back 25

Congenital Rubella Syndrome- a very serious gestational infection with dire consequences for fetal development

Front 26

What is the most prominent feature of Rubella infection and the first manifestation of the disease in about 95% of all cases?

Back 26

Rash

Front 27

Clinically apparent rubella is characterized by any combination of symptoms that include:

Back 27

Maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, low-grade fever, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and arthralgia

Front 28

Who is the Rubella vaccine primarily for?

Back 28

Rubella vaccine is for the benefit of the unborn, not the vaccine recipient

Front 29

How can a definitive diagnosis of rubella be made?

Back 29

Only by specific laboratory studies including virus isolation or demonstration of seroconversion

Front 30

What are the characteristics of the Paramyxoviruses

Back 30

Single-stranded negative non-segmented RNA
Enveloped
Large

Front 31

What are some common diseases caused by Paramyxoviruses

Back 31

Upper and lower respiratory tract infections
Mumps
Measles
Neurological diseases (less common)

Front 32

How is viral replication of Paramyxoviruses detected

Back 32

Hemadsorption
Cell fusion immunofluorescence
Reverse transcriptase based PCR

Front 33

Giant cell pneumonia can be caused by what virus

Back 33

Measles virus

Front 34

What two viruses account for approximately 30% of severe viral respiratory tract disease leading to hospitalization of infants and children

Back 34

RSV and hPIV3

Front 35

What is unique about the RSV glycoprotein G

Back 35

It contains neither hemagglutinin (HA) nor neuraminidase (NA) activity

Front 36

What are some complications of mumps viremia

Back 36

Aseptic meningitis; Meningoencephalitis no sequelae; Unilateral nerve deafness Epididymoorchitis, usually unilateral, usually not causing sterility.

Mumps virus was the most common cause of encephalitis in the U.S. until 1975.

Front 37

What does the development of measles rash depend on

Back 37

Cell mediated immunity. Patients with reduced CMI do not develop rash, but will develop measles giant cell pneumonia

Front 38

What are some complications of measles

Back 38

Post-infectious encephalomyelitis; 10-30% fatality with 40% of survivors showing sequelae including seizures or mental retardation.
Bacterial super infection with otitis media, bacterial pneumonia occurs in 15% of measles cases.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalopathy (SSPE) is very rare (ranging from 1/100,000 - 1/1,000,000).
Virus persists in neurons causing fatal CNS disease years later.

Front 39

What are some characteristics of the Togoviridae Rubella virus

Back 39

Single-stranded positive non-segmented RNA
Enveloped
Small

Front 40

In regards to a fetus, what is the major problem with Rubella virus

Back 40

It is highly teratogenic, and when Rubella virus infects a woman during the first trimester there is a high probability that the baby will suffer congenital abnormalites

Front 41

What are some viral causes of maculopapular rash

Back 41

Adenovirus
Parvovirus B19
Measles and the measles vaccine
Rubella
Coxsackievirus A9, 16, B5
Echoviruses 4, 9, 16

Front 42

What are some virus that cause Vesicular/papular rash

Back 42

Herpes simplex viruses
Varicella
Smallpox
Molluscum contagiosum
Coxsackievirus group A members (HFMD)

Front 43

What are some viruses that cause Petechial or purpuric rash

Back 43

Coxsackievirus group A
Echovirus

Front 44

What type of vaccine is used for mumps and measles

Back 44

Live attenuated vaccine