Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what group does NOT get influenza?
|
ruminants.
|
|
|
what 2 things does the flu virus have an affinity for on a cellular level?
|
mucopolysaccharides
glycoproteins w/ sialic acid |
|
|
what are the 2 surface membrane glycoproteins and which is a target for NAs?
|
hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
H is the target |
|
|
how does the flu virus encode it's 8 proteins?
|
segment splicing
|
|
|
what are the 2 functions of hemagglutinin?
|
VAP
uncoating ***it's a virulence factor, stupid |
|
|
what are the 2 functions of neuraminidase?
|
free progeny from cell
cleave sialic acid ie cut through mucus |
|
|
what's the exception to the RNA replication in the cytoplasm?
|
flu.
eclipse period is in nucleus. |
|
|
what happens if the cell doesn't have a protease for H?
|
it won't be active and the shit that's released won't be infective
|
|
|
major reason for flu virus recurrent infection?
|
antigenic diversity
|
|
|
at what level is the flu virus antigenic shift?
|
genetic NOT nucleotide
|
|
|
what antibodies fight the flu virus?
|
IgA
|
|
|
why are pigs considered a mixing vessel for bird flu viruses?
|
they have 2-3 and 2-6 linkages!
|
|
|
why don't bird flu strains normally infect people?
|
cell receptor specificity restriction
|
|
|
what does equine flu need to be differentiated from?
|
EHV-4
|
|
|
how often do you need to revaccinate for flu and why?
|
3-6 months cuz it's short lived
|
|
|
what's the strains of HPAI bird flu?
|
H5N1 AND H5N2
|
|
|
T/F waterfowl are the reservoir for bird flu but they are subclincal
|
true.
|
|
|
T/F bird flu can be shed in poop in addition to aerosol.
|
true.
|
|
|
T/F retroviruses usually kill cells they infect?
|
NOPE they are steady state
|
|
|
what should you think when retrovirus pops up?
|
persisent life-long infections that infect WBC
|
|
|
FeLV is what family of retrovirus? what's the v-onc status?
|
gamma
+ |
|
|
ALV/ASV and RSV are what family of retrovirus? v-onc status?
|
alpha
+ |
|
|
lentiviruses cause a ________ of_____________
|
chronic, slowly progressing disease
sheep, goats and horses |
|
|
T/F endogenous retroviruses are usually NON pathogenic and replication defective
|
true.
|
|
|
T/F exogenous retroviruses are the nasty ones.
|
true. duh.
|
|
|
why do retroviruses (ssRNA) use a dsDNA intermediate?
|
survival advantage
|
|
|
what are NAs against retroviruses attacking?
|
VAPs aka envelope glycoproteins
|
|
|
which retrovirus is delta and what's the v onc status?
|
BLV
negative! |
|
|
between FeLV and FeSV which is v-onc positive and replication defective?
|
FeSV
|
|
|
what does FOCMA stand for and what does it do?
|
feline oncovirus associated cell membrane antigen
induces ADCC |
|
|
what are the 2 cell tropisms for retroviruses?
|
WBC stem cells
thrombocytes |
|
|
what will be the anti-FOCMA titer with an immuno responding animal to a retrovirus? is this animal shedding?
|
low!
nope. |
|
|
what should you think when you think of poxviruses?
|
skin lesions and zoonotic
|
|
|
what species is in orthopoxvirus?
|
cowpox
|
|
|
what 2 species is in parapoxvirus?
|
orf (contagious pustular dermatitis)
pseudocowpox virus |
|
|
how many molecules make up poxviridae?
|
1
|
|
|
are enveloped or nonenveloped poxviruses infectious?
|
both!
|
|
|
where do poxviruses replicate and why ?
|
cytoplasm! even though it's DNA because it's so freaking big.
|
|
|
where do poxviruses get their envelope?
|
the golgi.
|
|
|
with systemic pox infection, what is the usual route of transmission?
|
respiratory.
|
|
|
what's the animal reservoir for pox?
|
none.
|
|
|
which pox is reportable?
|
camelpox
|
|
|
what pox virus causes contagious pustular dermatitis or sore mouth or scabby mouth?
|
orf.
|
|
|
what's the reservoir for cowpox? is it local or systemic
|
rodents
local |
|
|
what do "milker's nodules" come from?
|
pseudocowpux
|
|
|
what do the hexamers and pentamers determine for adenoviruses?
|
hexamers = genus specific epitopes (aka mammal or avian)
pentamers = species specific |
|
|
what do the 12 fibers on an adenovirus do?
|
species specificity and serotypes and initial attachment
|
|
|
what scientific use do adenoviruses have?
|
used as vectors cuz they're studied a lot.
|
|
|
T/F adenoviruses usually remain localized.
|
true.
|
|
|
what's the primary reason for adenovirus vaccine failure?
|
colostrum aka maternal antibodies
|
|
|
what kind of infection do adenoviruses lead to?
|
persistently productive subclinical
|
|
|
are adenoviruses species specific?
|
hella
|
|
|
what does CAV-1 cause? what does it resemble and how is it an exception?
|
infectious canine hepatitis
distemper. it's systemic unlike most adenoviruses |
|
|
why are adenoviral vax tough to get? which actually work?
|
too many serotypes
CAV-1 is good. |
|
|
although enveloped, what should you know about the hardiness of __________?
|
asfarviridae can live for years in frozen meat. also loves to chillin pee, poo and blood.
have a crazy pH stable range (4-13) so normal disinfectants don't work |
|
|
although a DNA virus, where does it asfarvirus replicate and why?
|
cytoplasm because huge like pox!
|
|
|
what's the cell tropism for asfarviridae?
|
lymphoreticular tissue
|
|
|
3 ways to get asfarviridae?
|
soft ticks!!!!
aerosol oral |
|
|
what's special about the transmission of asfarviridae?
|
it's the only DNA virus that's an arbovirus!
|
|
|
what's the ELISA look like for asfarviridae host response?
|
HIGH for NON neutralizing abs
virus neutralization test would be NEGATIVE |
|
|
what's up with asfarvirus vax?
|
nah, there an extremely high nonneutralizing Ab response!
|
|
|
what should you differentiate asfarvirus from?
|
hog cholera
|
|
|
which herpes go latent? in who?
|
all of them.
usually only their natural host. |
|
|
what is the cell tropism for alphaherpes and where is it latent and what do they do to cells and whats the time frame of the disease?
|
mucosal epithelium (cold sores) and latent in neurons
cytolytic. acute and persistent |
|
|
which herpes yields cytomegalia?
|
beta.
|
|
|
what's the cell tropism for betaherpes? there's 3
|
secretory glands
lymphoreticular tissue kidneys |
|
|
which herpes has a variable animal host range (as opposed to restricted for the other 2)
|
alpha
|
|
|
what are the 2 genera of gammaherpes and what's the virus you have to know in one of them?
|
lymphocryptovirus
rhadinovirus (bovine malignant catarrhal fever from alcelahine HV-1) |
|
|
what kind of diseases for gammaherpes?
|
lymphoproliferative!! B or T cells
|
|
|
where do herpes get their envelope?
|
inner lamellae of nuclear membrane
|
|
|
what are the 4 virus-cell interactions for herpes ie 4 possible outcomes? can a virus do more than 1?
|
cytolysis
syncytia latency transformation yes. |
|
|
what does betaherpes do to adults vs neonates?
|
respiratorr/repro in adults
systemic in neonates |
|
|
whats the shedding pattern for herpes?
|
continuous EXCEPT alpha which is intermittent
|
|
|
what's the 1 cell tropism for gammaherpes?
|
lymphoid tissue
|
|
|
which herpes is lacto and hemogenic meaning transmission via?
|
beta
|
|
|
what's the big 6 alphaherpes you have to know?
|
bovine (BHV-1) -> infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
pseudorabies Equine 1 and 4 feline herpes avian laryngotrachieis (Gallid 1) Marek's disease (galld 2+3) |
|
|
what does PrV yield?
|
pseudorabies!
|
|
|
what 2 assays can detect PrV?
|
ELISA and SN
|
|
|
what's the shedding pattern for alphaherpes as opposed to the other 2?
|
periodic!!!!!
|
|
|
what are the 3 parvo genera?
|
parvovirus
erythrovirus dependovirus |
|
|
what 3 species get parvo we need to know?
|
feline panleukopenia (FPV)
dogs pigs |
|
|
what does erythrovirus infect?
|
erythrocyte PREcursors
|
|
|
what do you need to know about dependovirus?
|
it's replication defective
|
|
|
how does parvo do in the environment?
|
great
stable for a year pH 3-9 stable |
|
|
what's up with parvo and S phase?
|
it does NOT induce it because it lacks the coding capacity.
|
|
|
what's the parvo cell tropism?
|
rapidly dividing cells like crypt and leukocytes
|
|
|
what's are 4 specific places parvo goes to get to those fast dividing leukocytes?
|
thymus, spleen, LNs and bone marrow
|
|
|
where is the primary replication for parvo?
|
pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
|
|
|
T/F parvo is always systemic
|
true.
|
|
|
what's the big helper against parvo?
|
colostrum aka maternal antibodies!
|
|
|
how do you kill parvo?
|
1:30 bleach
|
|
|
which species get papillomas?
|
all of them!
|
|
|
what's the 2 cell tropisms for papillomavirus?
|
integument
GI + urogenital mucosa |
|
|
what are the non-permissive and permissive cells for papillomavirus?
|
non are basal/dermal layers hence where the papillomas grow
permissive are keratinizing (outermost) skin cells |
|
|
how many cells make up a papilloma wart?
|
1
|
|
|
what's the humoral response to papilloma virus and what becomes of it?
|
Abs made, but they don't do shit probably because the virus is tough to get at where it is.
|
|
|
how host and tissue specific are pap viruses?
|
VERY for BOTH!
|
|
|
where do you seldom see papillomas?
|
legs.
|
|
|
how are pap viruses of economic importance?
|
moocows
lower growth, milk, hide value |
|
|
where does pap virus like to give you cancer?
|
lower GIT and bladder
|
|
|
what's the recurrence rate of papillomas once they're gone?
|
usually zilch.
|
|
|
how do you disinfect papillomavirus?
|
1:30 bleach
|
|
|
what are the 3 genera of rhabdoviruses and which has the rabies virus in it?
|
lyssavirus **rabies**
vesiculovirus ephemerovirus |
|
|
what's the important vesiculovirus disease?
|
vesicular stomatitis!
|
|
|
what's the definition between variant and ecotype?
|
variant = antigenic and genotype relatedness
ecotype = host and reservoirs |
|
|
T/F the envelope is required for VSV or BEFV infection (non rabies rhabdo)
|
false!! hence they are more stable!
|
|
|
what are the 5 rhabdovirus proteins?
|
G
M L P N |
|
|
which rhabdovirus does shuts down cellular biosynthesis as opposed to the other 2 that don't?
|
VSV does.
rabies doesn't mind you! |
|
|
which virus group involves DI particles?
|
rhabdo
|
|
|
what's the cell tropism for VSV and rabies?
|
VSV = epithelium
rabies - neurons |
|
|
what are the neutralizing Abs against for the rabies immune response?
|
the G protein
|
|
|
T/F even in the absence of neutralizing antibodies thereis still an immune response against the RNP complex of rhabdovirus
|
true!
|
