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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The normal immune response to most viral infection is the production of what
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antibodies
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acute and convalescent samples are commonly used to determine what
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viral exposure (infection)
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When is an acute viral titer collected and what is done with it?
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it is collected during the acute phase of the illness then it is frozen for later testing
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When is a convalescent titer collected and what is done with it?
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is collected 2 weeks after the acute viral titer is collected and both are sent to the lab and tested at the same time
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How big of an increase in antibody titer from acute to convalescent constitutes a positive viral infection
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4 fold (4X)
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What is Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
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A RNA picornavirus found as a single serotype worldwide that produces acute disease or asymptomatic infection
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Why is there no chronic infection with the (HAV)
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the antibodies produced confer lifelong immunity
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What does IgM anti HAV presence in blood indicate
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acute infection
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What does IgG anti-HAV presence in the blood indicate
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past infection (months to years) and immunity
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State some characteristics of HBV
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circular, partially double stranded DNA hepadnavirus. only 3200 bases; encodes reverse transcriptase and replicates through RNA intermediate
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What does it mean to have Hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) antigen present in the blood
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indicates the presence of the viral surface particle in blood
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When is HBsAg detected
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during incubation period, acute infection, carrier state and chronic disease
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What is HBcAg
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Hepatitis B core antigen
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What does Anti-HBc IgM indicate when it is present in the blood
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indicates active viral replication (acute illness). This antibody is not protective
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When is HBcAg seen in the blood
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positive in all acute and chronic cases; a reliable marker of current or past infection
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What is HBeAg
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core related antigen
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What does HBeAg indicate when it is present in the blood
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Antibody to the e antigen, transiently positive in the convalescent phase; usually indicates low infectivity
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What if HBsAb is present in the blood
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indicates immunity
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Anti-HCV presence in the blood means what
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that the patient has been infected with HCV but this is a screening procedure that requires confirmation
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What is Anti HCV (RIBA)
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confirmatory test for Anti HCV
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What does the presence of Anti-HCV (RIBA) indicate
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that the patient has been infected with HCV and could be infectious
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What is RIBA
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a type of western blot recombinant immunoblot assay
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does the presence of Anti-HCV confer immunity
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no
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What does the presence of HCV-RNA mean
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indicates infectivity and may be used for diagnosing chronic infection
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How soon is RNA detectable in Hepatitis C infections
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as soon as 11 days after exposure
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when is the antibody detectable in Hepatitis C infections
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the antibody may not be detectable for 64 days after exposure
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immunogenic substance that is non infectious and is given to stimulate a protective, adaptive immune response to an infectious organism
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vaccine
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what is the objective of immunization
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to protect the individual against infection or pathology
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administration of an immunogen that causes an adaptive immune response in the individual which results in long term immunity
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active immunization
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administration of antibodies (immune globulin) to a specific organism that can bind to infectious organisms in vivo which results in short term immunity
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passive immunization
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