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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viral genomes are small so to accomodate they do what??
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maximize the information content strategies.
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How do they maximize the info cantent?
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1)Overlapping of genes.(parvo)
2)Poly proteins-->single large Polypeptide--> internally cleaved to release function proteins. (Herpes) |
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In RNA viruses + strand is __ __.
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Directly translated-->Protein(use host ribosomes)
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In RNA viruses - strand is used as a ??
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Template to make + strand RNA
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What happens in - strand RNA viruses?
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1)Viral RNa-dependent on RNA pol to make + strand
2)Processed as either mRNa and then translated into protein or the + strand is used to make - strand. |
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How is the viral capdis formed?
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1)Within the host cell
2)Viral proteins synthesized 3)Assembly of viral particle 4)Viral nucleic acid packaging into nucleocapsids |
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How is a viris released?
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1)Direct with lysis of host
2)Budding->host membrane envelopes virus(involvement of endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi and cytoskeleton) |
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What are the 7 possible cytocidal outcomes due to viral infections?
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1)Inhibition of host nucleic acid and protein synthesis
2)Lysosome Damage->Toxic contents released 3)Damage to host plasma membrane(may result in immune attack on host cell) 4)Toxicity from high viral protein load. 5)Viral proteins may aggregate(w/or w/out host proteins) forming inclusion bodies. 6)chromosomal disruptions(retroviruses) 7)Occurrance of cancer |
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How can the occurance of cancer happen due to a virus?
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1)if viral genome carries on cogens.
2)Viral disruption of oncogene suppressors. |
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What is HIV?
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Human Immunodeficiency virus
->Lent virus with family retrovirdae ->Evolved in primoter "Simion Viruses" |
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Who is in risk of contracting HIV?
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Virtually everyone is a risk
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How is HIV carried?
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Body fluids(saliva, blood and breat milk)
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who is in high risk of getting HIV?
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Homos, heteros, hemophiliocs;intravanous drug users.
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1 in __ college students are infected with HIV
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300
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What are the characteristics of the HIV virus?
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1)enveloped
2)segmented 3)RNA 4)Proteins(Reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease) |
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What does GP120 do?
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On viral surface it facilitates interaction with CD4 receptor on host cell surface.(CD4 on 'T' cells)
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What are the steps that HIV does?
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1)GP120 on viral surface facilitates interaction with CD4 receptor on host cell surface.
2)Membrane fusion 3)Internalization 4)Uncoating(release viral nucleic acid) 5)Reverse transcriptase;RNAase H activities) 6)Formation of ds DNA. 7)Moblization into nucleus. 8)Viral integrase activity(provirus formed) 9)Viral mRNA generated. 10)Viral structured proteins. 11)Viral assemble 12)Budding and release as viral encoded protease. |
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What are the outcomes of infection of HIV?
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AIDS-related complex, fever;weight loss;lymph node enlargement, antibodies to HIV
AIDS dementia AIDS related cancer |
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What is AIDS dementia?
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Central nervous central system damage
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What is an example of aids related cancer?
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Karzosi's sarcoma.
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How is HIV detected?
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It is antibody based.
1)Viral particles 2)Viral antibody detection |
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How do you treat AIDS?
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1)Nucleotide analogs(Azothymidine-toxic to host and host nucleic acid polymerasees affected) to interfere with reverse transcriptse activity.
2)Gene therapy-using mutant viral forms |
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Most AIDS related deaths are due to ??
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secondary fungal and bacterial infections.
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What are some examples of the secondary fungal and bacterial infections that kill AIDS patients?
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1)Preumocystis corinii
2)Mycobacterium avium 3)Bacterial pneumonia. |
