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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is viral meningitis?
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Inflammatory disease involving the meninges caused by viruses; especially the arachnoid and pia mater and is less severe and self-limiting compared with bacteria; non-fatal
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What is viral encephalitis?
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Inflammatory disease of the brain that is much more severe than viral meningitis and potentially life threatening
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What is viral myelitis?
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Inflammation of the spinal cord due to a virus; seen in poliomyelitis
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What are symptoms of meningitis?
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fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, and vomiting
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What are important causes of viral encephalitis?
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Herpes simplex 1 and 2, encephalitic arboviruses, and rabies virus
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What are the symptoms of encephalitis?
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The same as viral meningitis plus confusion,altered consciousness, seizures, coma
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What is the difference between encephalopathy and encephalitis?
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Encephalitis has inflammation and encephalopathy doesnt
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Describe post-infectious encephalitis and what may cause it?
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Occurs 1 week after an acute encephalitis; autoimmune mechanism and demylination; it may be caused by measles or post small pox vaccination
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With what viruses is necrotizing encephalitis associated?
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Herpes simplex 1 and 2
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What is subacute encephalitis? What can cause it?
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An encephalitis that occurs years after an acute infection; can be caused by the measles virus (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)
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What is the cause of arboviral encephalitis?
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Viruses transmitted from animal resevoirs to humans via a mosquito bite; examples include West Nile virus
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What is the most important non-arbovirus of zoonotic origin causing encephalitis?
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Rabies virus
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What are the major causes of viral meningitis in the late summer and early fall?
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Non-polio enteroviruses, including echo, coxsackie A and B, entero; mumps was the major cause in the pre-vaccine era in the winter and spring
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What are the major causes of viral encephalitis in summer and fall?
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Encephalitic arboviruses
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What should be given for necrotizing encephalitis ?
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Since it is most likely a Herpes virus infection, acyclovir should be given
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How do herpes virus and rabies virus reach the spinal cord or brain?
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Retrograde neuronal transport
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What is given to a person who has been exposed to the rabies virus?
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Inactivated virus vaccine and recombinant Ig
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What ist he major virus for meningo-encephalitis in the US?
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West Nile virus which is zoonotic from the mosquito
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What characteristics of the CSF can separate bacterial from viral meningitis
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CSF from a viral meningitis will show lymphocytes and normal glucose, whereas a bacterial infection will show polymorphonuclear cells and lower glucose
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What time of year does herpes simplex infect?
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Year round
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What does the West Nile Virus cause?
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meningoencephalitis
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