Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
3 of the key visual properties important for the interpretation of medical images |
Spatial resolution, contrast resolution and color vision what pixel size is a more accurate measure of |
|
|
|
What pixel size is a more accurate measure of display resolution? |
200 microns monochrome Monochrome displays for diagnostic doing an interpretation of images should be calibrated to what standard? |
|
|
|
Monochrome displays for diagnostic viewing of images should be calibrated to what standard? |
DICOM grayscale standard display function |
|
|
|
Ambient room lights should be in direct or backlit and set to what level? |
20-40 lux |
|
|
|
Small matrix (1 or 2MP) are appropriate for all of the following types of images except what kind? CT Digital mammo MRI Ultrasound |
Digital mammo |
|
|
|
Contrast sensitivity peaks in the mid-spatial frequency range around 3 to 5 cycles per degree and is important for what aspect of image viewing? |
Distinguishing between objects and background in an image. |
|
|
|
The ratio of maximum to minimum luminance of a display should be at least what? 25 50 75 100 |
50 |
|
|
|
Separation of an image into meaningful components (I.e.an anatomical structure, e.g. bone, blood vessel, lung) (Identifies regions of interest in an image , used for quantifying size and shape of structures) |
Segmentation |
|
|
|
Processing method that enhances or removes a specific component in a signal or image. (Noise reduction in images while preserving edges) |
Filtering |
|
|
|
Random fluctuations in the image information that can obscure the true elements in the image. |
Noise |
|
|
|
Formula that converts an image in the spatial domain to the frequency domain |
Fourier Transform |
|
|
|
The simplest filter for noise reduction |
Averaging filter |
|
|
|
Multiplication of a neighborhood of pixels by a “kernel”. |
Convolution |
|
|
|
Any method used to make image elements more visible. |
Enhancement |
|
|
|
Voxel |
Used to represent the basic elements of a 3D set |
(Combo of volumetric and pixel). |
|
|
Having the same size in each dimension |
Isotropic |
|
|
|
Visualization technique to display a 2-D image of a 3-D data set that retains access to the original voxel data. A.k.a. a 3-D reconstruction |
Volume rendering |
|
|
|
The simplest and fastest volume rendering methods |
Projection rendering (MIPS) & MinIPs |
|
|
|
MIPS |
Maximum intensity projection |
A common type of projection rendering |
|
|
MPR |
Multi- planar reconstruction |
Reconstruction of images in arbitrary orientations (e.g. creating coronal and sagittal orientations from axial data sets) |
|
|
Drawback of MIP and MinIP images |
Lack of depth information (could result in their hiding structures in same plane ) |
MIP = high intensity (vascular structures) MinIP = lie intensity (lung & airways) |
|
|
SSD |
Shaded surface display (aka surface rendering) |
Limitation- only shows the exterior of onjects |
|
|
Composed of transformations, similarity metrics and optimization of algorithms |
Registration algorithms |
|
|
|
Technique that allows for simultaneous rendering of more than one object in a volume (w/best rendering quality) |
SSD (shaded surface display) |
|
|
|
Advanced de-noising algorithm: Averaging filter Nonlocal means Gaussian filter Median filter |
Nonlocal means |
|
|
|
Type of filtering for ‘cleaning up’ segmentation
|
Morphological filtering |
|
|
|
Which filters can be applied in real time during image acquisition? |
Averaging Gaussian |
|
|
|
A registration algorithm is used to determine: |
If images are in alignment |
|
|
|
Registration transform used for neuro-imaging ? |
Rigid-body |
|
|
|
Not a direct volume rendering technique? MIP Matching cubes Volume rat casting Splatting Shear-warp |
Marching cubes (used for surface rendering) |
|
