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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a view camera
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Oldest, simplest style of camera, basic design has remained unchanged for 100 years, started from camera obscura. A box with bellows with a lens on one end and a film holder on the other
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What is an advantage to the view camera.
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The larger film has more detail. It has more movement capabilities that modern cameras don't have. Movements allow the film plane and lens plane to change allowing the user to remove objects, create or remove distortions and change plane of focus.
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Name and describe to two styles of view camera:
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Monorail: Full movements, used more in studio; Field Camera: not as many movements, folds into a carrying case, better for landscape work.
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What are press cameras?
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uses like a point and shoot, speed graphic was the best selling 4x5 in the world.
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What is the lens board?
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holds the lens, is interchangable
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Tripod mount
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Attaches camera to tripod
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Bellows
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Expands and contracts so the lens board and camera back can be moved closer together or further apart.
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Ground glass viewing screen
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shows the image, can be rotated for horizontal or vertical.
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Spring back
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holds film in place, keeps film light tight
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front standard
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holds lens board in place, is attached to the monorail
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Rear Standard
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holds back in place, is attached to the monorail
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Front rise and fall knob
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knob to adjust the rise and fall on the front of the camera.
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Rear rise and fall knob
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knob to adjust the rise and fall on the back of the camera
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Front tilt knob
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Knob to adjust the tilt on the front of the camera
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Rear tilt knob
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knob to adjust the tilt on the back of the camera
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Front swing/shift knob
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knob to adjust the front swing or shift
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Rear swing/shift knob
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knob to adjust the rear swing or shift
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Rear focusing lock knob
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locks/unlock the rear standard to prevent or change focusing
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Front focusing lock knob
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locks/unlocks the front standard to prevent or change focusing
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Lens
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modern lens has aperture and shutter built in, normal lens is 150 mm
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Name 6 parts of the lens
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Shutter release lever, aperture adjustment lever, shutter cocking lever, pc contact, shutter speed adjustment ring, preview lever.
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sheet film holders
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holds two sheets of film, top is color coded (white unexposed/black exposed).
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polaroid back
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for testing exposure and composition
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changing bag
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needed if more film has to be loaded. Is light tight
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Camera movements
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Rise, fall, swing, tilt, shift
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Rise
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Moves front or back up in the flat plane like a window
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Fall
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Move front or back down in the flat plane like a window
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Shift
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Moves front or back side to side in the flat plane like a sliding door
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Rise, fall and shift have little or no effect on the shape of an object because:
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This does not change the angular relationship of the planes of film , lens and object.
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What happens to the film when the back of the camera is raised, lowered of shifted
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The lens is still squarely facing the lens; the only difference is that a different part of the film is now directly behind the lens.
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Tilt
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Tips the front or back forward or backward like nodding your head yes.
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What does tilting the back do?
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Controls vertical convergence (lines coming together)
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Result of tilting the back of the camera?
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Changes the shape of the object considerably and changes the focus somewhat.
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Result of tilting the front of the camera
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Changes the focus significantly without changing the shape of the object much.
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Rule for tilting
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The farther the image travels inside the camera, the larger it gets. Tilting the camera back change it's size.
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Swing
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twist the front or back around the vertical axis to the left or right like nodding your head no.
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What does swing the back of the camera control?
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Controls the horizontal convergence
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Swinging the front of the camera swiveling the lens to the left or the right results in what.
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This results in skewing the focal plane.
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What does swinging the back of the camera do to the film in relation to the lens?
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This moves one part of the film closer to the lens while moving another part farther away.
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Lens plane controls ________ while film plane controls __________.
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focus; perspective
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Zero Position/Optical axis
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the path of a ray of light passing unrefracted through the center of the lens - lens is always perpendicular to the optical axis.
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Scheimpflug principle
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says if the camera's lens plane and film plane are not parallel then the plane of focus will meet those two planes in a line.
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Ship's prow effect
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the convergence of horizontal lines towards one side of the frame, producing an
exaggerated sharp angle |
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Using the back of camera by using swing and tilt controls what?
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Controlling perspective
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keystone effect
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everything look like it's falling backwards.
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What are the most common film formats?
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4x5, 5x7, 8x10
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What is required about the lens for a view camera?
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A lens that has adequate covering power
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Why use the rise and fall and not just raise or lower the camera?
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It gives you an extra edge of conrtol when your tripod can't raise or lower any more.
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What effect does the tilt movement have?
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Changes both the shape and focus of the image on the film.
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What helps you tell which side of the film holder is unexposed?
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The white side of the holder is unexposed. The dark side is exposed.
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What are some good options for finding a dark place to load film?
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A bathroom with no window, blocking all light inside a car with a tarp, sleeping baf.
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How can you prevent dust and spotting prints?
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Vacuum areas, use Ready/Quickload film, blow off negative with canned air. For spotting prints use dye on the brush, wipe brush until dry and apply the dye with a "stippling" motion.
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How can light leaks happen?
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Holders are warped, camera back is warped, camera body has leaks, something reflective inside camera.
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How can you find a light leak?
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Take camera into a dark room and remove the lensboard. Shine a light into the camera body to see if there's a leak in the bellows or the back.
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What can cause flaring?
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The sun or another bright light source out of the composed frame bounces light off the bellows and dumps the non-image light on part of the film.
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What can cause fogging?
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Could come from a leak in the film box or from an area in the bellows.
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How are most 35mm cameras designed?
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They are designed so that the plane on which you focus is alway parallet to the plan of the film.
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How do you adjust sharpness with a traditional 35mm camera.
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Stop the lens down with smaller apertures.
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How does tilt lenses (perspective contril) change the relationship of optics?
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Tilt lenses let you point the lens in a slightly different direction that the camera body.
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What movements do all Perspective Control lens have?
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Shift
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What movements do PC lens have?
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Shift, Swing, Tilt
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What would a nature photographer want the swing, tilt, shift movement on a PC lens?
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You can keep the enitre subject sharp while using a wide aperture at a fast shutter.
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What are two things that change depth of field?
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Aperture and image size
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How do you use the Scheimpflug principle with a PC Lens?
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You look through the view finder and focus on the foreground. Slowly tilt the lens towards the subject plane. When it appears best stop titling and touch up focus. Stop down to pull in anything on wither side of the plane.
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How would a PC lens help you fight the wind?
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It allows faster shutter speeds and widers apertures to be used.
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What are the disadvantages of T/S lenses?
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They are slow to use, demand a tripod, must be used in manual mode, must meter in ther non tilted position, they're costly
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What are two methods to focus a view camera?
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Visually - all assements are done by looking at the ground glass. Metric scale - attached to camera rail. Measurements on the scale are used to make assements.
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What is the "hinge line"?
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The intersection of the plane through the center of the lens and parallel to the film with the plane perpendicular to the lens axis and one focal lenght in front of the lens.
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What are some important points when selecting the f-stop?
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If you stop down a lot diffraction will degrade resolution. However if the subject is 3 dimensional you may have to stop down a lot to have enough DOF. Make your movements first.
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What is the circle of confusion?
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A bright point in space surrounded by a dark background is converged by the lens into a cone.
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What is diffraction?
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A beam of light passing through a circular aperture spreads out a little.
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What is the formula for finding the bellows extenstion exposure compentsation factor?
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Bellows Extension squared/Focal Lenght squared = Bellows Extension Factor. (BE2/FL2)
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What are devices used for exposure compensation?
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A custom tape measure.
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