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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happened in 1946-1954? |
The French Indochinese War for independence in Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam |
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Why did the Vietnamese hate their Emperor? |
Because the French appointed him, he was their puppet. This causes opposition, and this was when Ho Chi Minh spreads his Viet Minh movement |
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Who supported the Viet Minh against France? |
China |
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What was the famous battle that finished the war? |
Dien Bien Phu |
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How much money did the US give to the French to 'contain' communism?
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From 1949 $500m/year.
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How many French soldiers were tied up during the course of the Indo-Chinese war?
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190,000.
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When was Dien Bien Phu?
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March 1954.
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Who designed the battle at Dien Bien Phu?
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The French.
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What did the French do to lure the VM into DBPhu?
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Built army base there in wide open combat, assuming VM wouldn't move their guns to the hills because supplies by foot, so French could easily beat them.
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Why was Dien Bien Phu such a failure?
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Because French underestimated the VM, they dragged artillery up mountains, some took 24hrs to cover 200 yards, 40,000 supplies carried by hand.
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How many supplies were carried by the VM by hand?
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40,000.
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Why did the VM succeed at DBPhu?
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Sheer determination to drag supplies up mountains, camouflage of men/guns/weapons, French too dependent on air power- limited by air conditions.
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How many French died due to DBPhu?
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3000 in battle, 8000 in captivity.
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Why was DBPhu a great embarrassment for the French?
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Small Asian state beat rich European one.
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When was the Peace Conference in Geneva after the French-Indochinese War?
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July 1954.
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What did the Geneva Peace Conference do in July 1954?
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Divide Vietnam into North and South along the 17th parallel.
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After the Peace Conference in 1954, who ruled South Vietnam?
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Ngo Dinh Diem.
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When was the planned re-election to unite N+S Vietnam after the French-Indochinese war?
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1956.
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Why did the US become increasingly involved in Vietnam?
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Domino theory, containment, Vietcong, LBJ, corruption of SV, ARVN weakness, US was 'attacked'.
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Why did the Vietcong cause the S to get increasingly involved in Vietnam?
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They were a very strong communist force, by 1961 over 20,000 VC guerrillas in SV- ARVN couldn't deal with them.
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Why did the Domino Theory and Containment cause the US to get increasingly involved in Vietnam?
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If Vietnam fell, so would surrounding countries, making communism harder to control and lead to world domination. (US need trade partners).
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When did the US get 'attacked' by North Vietnam?
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USS Madox was fired on in August 1964.
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Why did the corruption of SV cause US to get increasingly involved in Vietnam?
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Diem's corrupt gov upset Buddhist peasants, turning them into VC, who gave them what they wanted.
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Why was Diem's government so unpopular?
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Religion, strategic hamlets and corrupt government.
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What were strategic hamlets?
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'Safe' villages to protect SV people from VC attacks, effectively concentration camps, propaganda within, forced to move- 'VC will burn villages if don't!' |
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What did strategic hamlets go against?
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Buddhist ancestor worship and sacredness of burial grounds. Also peasants normal way of life.
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By 1963 how many strategic hamlets where there?
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8000, but 4/5 weren't complete!
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What were the strategic hamlets associated with?
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American imperialism and brutal militarism.
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What word describes Diem and his government?
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Nepotistic.
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In 1955, what did the South NOT have?
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An army, police force, bureaucracy.
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What was bad about Diem's brother, who was Diem's closest advisor?
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He was a neo-Nazi and a heroin addict.
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What does nepotism mean?
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Appointing family and friends in leadership positions.
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What is a scary fact about Diem's brutal reign?
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More SV died in his reign than in the war with France!
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What happened to suspected communists under Diem's rule?
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Rounded up, deported, tortured, thrown in prison or executed.
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Of what faith and denomination was Diem?
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Catholic Christian.
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Why did Diem's faith disadvantage him as leader?
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Opposed Buddhist faith of most peasants. Gov officials were mainly Catholics- locals saw this as unfair (many converted to win favour!)
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On Buddha's birthday in which year did violent protests occur when Buddhists were not allowed to fly Buddhist flags?
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1963.
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Which monk burned himself to death on 8th May 1963?
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Thich Quang Duc- his suicide provoked worldwide outcry.
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What did the ARVN do on 8th May 1963?
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Attacked protesting Buddhists with hand grenades and put Hue under military control.
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When was Diem assassinated by a military coup?
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November 1963- suspected that CIA arranged it.
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How many 'military advisors' were in SV by JKF's assassination?
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16,000.
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Who was JFK replaced by in 1963?
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Vice-president Lyndon B. Johnson.
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What did LBJ strongly believe in when he came to power in 1963?
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The Domino Theory.
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What was a selfish motivational factor that might have led to LBJ increasing US involvement in the war?
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The 1964 re-elections, faced Goldwater, who was v anti-communist.
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What happened on the 2nd August 1964?
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The Gulf of Tonkin incident.
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When did the Gulf of Tonkin incident occur?
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2nd August 1964.
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What was the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
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When the USS Maddox fired on 3 NV torpedo boats which came too close that had apparently 'attacked' them. One US aircraft was damaged, but no US casualties. 4th Aug 'attacked' again...
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What did the Gulf of Tonkin incident allow Johnson to do?
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'Take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression and achieve peace and security'.
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What was Operation Rolling Thunder?
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An bomb offensive done by air which attacked NV in '64-65.
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What bombers were used in Operation Rolling Thunder?
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B52 bombers- bombed bridges, military bases, supply lines.
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Which two areas were America NOT allowed to bomb in Operation Rolling Thunder?
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Hanoi (capital) and Haiphong (major ship port) as they risked causing global war with USSR and China.
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