Victims And The Criminal Justice System

Front 1

Victim

Back 1

a person, group, personal entity that suffers because of illegal activities

Front 2

3 types of victimization

Back 2

1. physical
2. economic
3. emotional

Front 3

victimology`

Back 3

1. objectivity
2. relatively new, since about 1960s

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why study victims?

Back 4

1. understand how crim occurs
2.understand what victimization is like
3.examine CJ systems interaction with victims
4.what victims do vs what CJS wants them to do

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CJ system

Back 5

offender oriented because it takes away liberties, only system designed to do so

Front 6

restitution

Back 6

money given to victim and govt.

Front 7

fines

Back 7

all monetary settlements given to govt.

Front 8

rediscovery of victims

Back 8

1. womens rights movement
2 victims rights movement
3 civil rights movement
4 media
5 survey research
6 security industry

Front 9

risk

Back 9

what is risk of crime occuring
what is the risk of being a victim

Front 10

UCR

Back 10

annual report to nation published by the FBI, tracks # of serious crimes reported by police/law enforcemnt during a given year

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Index crimes

Back 11

part I of UCR, homicide, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, larceny, auto theft, arson, burglary

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misdimeanors

Back 12

part II of UCR

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NCVS

Back 13

National crime victims survey, random sampling of 100,000 households in US asking about victimization in last 6 months

Front 14

crime rate

Back 14

risk of a crime occuring in neighborhood

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victimization rate

Back 15

risk of being a victim in a neighborhood

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crime rate of 6383.3

Back 16

for every 100,000 people in a arizona 6383 index crimes occured

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victimization rates of 13.5

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for every 1000 people age 12+ in the year 2005 13.5 were vicitms of aggravated assault

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robbery

Back 18

theft from a person or person in the presence(i.e. stealing from a cash register)with force or threat of force

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shared responsibility

Back 19

the theory that some victims had joint responsibility in their victimization either through facilitation, precipitation, or provocation, they can intentionally or unintentionally not take precautions to prevent own victimization

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victim facilitation

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a victim somehow makes it easier for a crime to take place, leavin door unlocked or window open
usually property crimes

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victim precipitation

Back 21

a situation in which a victim is partlyat fault for arousing the offenders interest or triggering an attack (i.e. waving around lots of cash)
usually applied to violent crimes

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victim provocation

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an act that triggers instigates or incites someone to commit an unlawful attack (violent crimes)

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consequences of shared responsibility

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1. offender is less guilty of rape if woman had shareed responsibility
2. solution to rape problem is for women to be more careful

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secondary victimization

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family friends and/or relatives of crime victims are often victims too, they often experience their own emotional problems

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2ndary victimization

Back 25

documented often in homicide and rape cases

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response to a victim

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-shut up and listen
-relate to them as person not as case
-dont minimize the crime
-what matters is what it means to the victim

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immobilization

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victims of crime often unable to do anything because of emotional turmoil

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stages of victim reactions 1

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crisis stage - shock, anger, denial,depression, vulnerability, usually lasts a short period

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reaction 2

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intermediate- depending on crime moodswings, withdrawal, fear/anxiety, nightmares, flashbacks, difficult to relate to victim

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reaction 3

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guilt - didnt fight back or do enough to prevent crime

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reaction 4

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long term- long lasting based on crime, depression, relationship troubles, maybe different person, has long lasting impact on victim.

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post traumatic stress disorder

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anxiety, chronic tension, irritability, fatigue, insomnia, nightmares, impaired concentration due to being a victim

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long term effect of being a victim

Back 33

unable to personalize crime, may recollect events in the 3rd person