Vibrio, Pseudomonas

Front 1

Cholera is ________ to developing countries.

Back 1

endemic

Front 2

the genus vibrio is a ________-shaped bacteria.

Back 2

comma-shaped - Buzz word! (comma-shaped mustache)

Front 3

Cholera causes ________ ________ ________.

Back 3

profuse watery diarrhea (rice water consistency)

Front 4

Transmission of cholera?

Back 4

fecal-orally via poor sanitation that leads to contamination of food and water sources with human feces

Front 5

Pathogenesis of cholera?

Back 5

Cholera does NOT invade mucosa but uses fimbrae to attach to ganglioside receptors in the intestinal wall. THen secretes cholera toxin.

Cholera toxin increases cAMP by binding to and constituatively activating adenylate cyclase (Gs pathway). This leads to secretion of water into the lumen --> watery diarrhea

Front 6

Treatment of cholera?

Back 6

oral rehydration therapy with electrolytes

Front 7

Cholera grows in _______ media.

Back 7

alkaline ("Base camp")

cholera is acid labile lemon slices

Front 8

Cholera is oxidase _______.

Back 8

positive (colonel's blue ring)

Front 9

Vibrio_____ and ______ can contaminate seafood especially oysters.

Back 9

vulnificus and parahemolyticus

Front 10

Pseudomonas is a ___-______ ____.

Back 10

gram-neg rod

Front 11

pseudomonas thrives in ______ environments.

Back 11

aquatic. this is why it can cause hot tub folliculitis

Front 12

Pseudomonas is oxidase ______ and catalase ______.

Back 12

positive and positive.

association with catalase and chronic granulomatous disease... pseudomonas puts CGD patients at risk

Front 13

Unique characteristics?

Back 13

produces a blue-green pigment when plated from pyocyanin and pyoverdin (substances that pseudomonas produces)

-- this may even turn wounds blue (stained bathtub)

Also produces a fruity grape-like odor (pseudomona eating grapes in the bathtub)

Obligate aerobe (most other enterobacteroceae are facultative anaerobes)

Front 14

pseudomonas is the number one cause of gram negative nosocomial __________. and a common cause of _______infection and ________ failure in CF patients.

Back 14

pneumonia

pulmonary infection and respiratory failure in CF patients.

--CFTR gene mutation that serves for a transporter that regulates chloride ions... cant pump chloride ions.

Front 15

Pseudomonas can cause __________ as well, especially in __-___ _______ and in __________.

Back 15

IV drug users (directly inject microbe); diabetics (more likely to develop traumatic injury... especially to the foot)

Front 16

Pseudomonas is encapsulated/unencapsulated?

Back 16

encapsulated (bucket of ice)

Front 17

Pseudomonas is a feared complication of _____ injuries because its often fatal, and unresponsive to antibiotics.

Back 17

BURN (maid catches on fire)

Front 18

Pseudomonas is also associated with many nosocomial _______ ________ infections

Back 18

indwelling catheter infections

Front 19

Pseudomonas can cause two types of skin lesions... what are they?

Back 19

pruritic papular pustular folliculitis (using underchlorinated hot tubs - hot tub folliculitis)

cutaneous necrosis - ecthyma gangrenosum - pseudomonas can get into circulation and damage tissues including skin (dalmation)

Front 20

Swimmers often get this infection with pseudomonas. Explain path.

Back 20

swimmer's ear or otitis externa.

Pseudomonas and diptheria have nearly identical exotoxins. Elongation factor 2 is the target that gets ribosylated by Exotoxin A. It prevents elongation and causes cell death.

Front 21

Treatment for pseudomonas?

Back 21

piperacillin and ticarcilin. (Piper flute)

Aminoglycosides (may be used in comboation with beta-lactam antibiotics)

Flouroquinolones (UTIS)