Veterinary Terminology Chapter 2

Front 1

median, midline, or midsaggittal plane

Back 1

Divides the body in equal right and left halves

Front 2

sagittal plane

Back 2

Divides the body into UNEQUAL right and left parts

Front 3

frontal, coronal, or dorsal plane

Back 3

Divides the body into dorsal and central parts

Front 4

horizontal, cross-sectional, or transverse plane

Back 4

Divides the body into cranial and caudal parts

Can also describe a perpendicular transaction to the long axis of an appendage

Front 5

anatomy and physiology

Back 5

1. Study of body structure

2. Study of body functions

Front 6

physi/o

Back 6

Nature

Front 7

path/o

Back 7

Disease

Front 8

Pathophysiology

Back 8

Study of changes in function caused by disease

Front 9

Etiology

Back 9

Study of disease causes

Front 10

eti/o

Back 10

To cause

Front 11

cardi/o

Back 11

Heart

I.e. cardiologist diagnoses and treats disorders of the heart

Front 12

dermat/o

Back 12

Skin

I.e. dermatologist specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

Front 13

arcade

Back 13

Series of arches

Front 14

dental arcade

Back 14

Describes how teeth are arranged in the mouth

Front 15

lingual surface

Back 15

Aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue

Described as the tooth surface facing the tongue of the mandible

Hint 15

Linguistics study of language, tongue makes sounds

Front 16

maxilla

Back 16

upper jaw

Front 17

mandible

Back 17

Lower jaw

Front 18

palatial surface

Back 18

Tooth surface of the maxilla that that faces the tongue

Front 19

buccal or vestibular surface

Back 19

Aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek

Bucca is Latin for cheek

Vestibule is Latin for cavity or space

Front 20

occlusal surface

Back 20

Aspects of the teeth that meet when an animal chews

Hint 20

Teeth stopping or occluding things from passing between them when teeth are clenched

Front 21

labial surface

Back 21

Tooth surface that faces the lips

Labia is the medical term for lips

Front 22

cintact surfaces

Back 22

Aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth

Divided into two parts

Front 23

mesial

Back 23

Contact surface closest to the midline of the dental arcade

Front 24

distal contact surface

Back 24

Further away from the midline of the dental arcade

Front 25

cavity

Back 25

Hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects the internal organs

Front 26

cranial cavity

Back 26

Hollow space that contains brain and skull

Front 27

spinal cavity

Back 27

Hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column

Front 28

thoracic or chest cavity

Back 28

Hollow space that contains heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm

Front 29

abdominal cavity

Back 29

Hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and the pelvic cavity

Front 30

peritoneal cavity

Back 30

Hollow space within the abdominal cavity between parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum

Front 31

pelvic cavity

Back 31

Hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory system (urinary bladder and rectum) bound by pelvic bones

Front 32

abdomen

Back 32

Portion of the body between the thorax and pelvis containing abdominal cavity

Front 33

thorax

Back 33

Chest region located between neck and diaphragm

Front 34

inguinal area or groin

Back 34

Caudal region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh

Front 35

membranes

Back 35

Thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ

Front 36

peritoneum

Back 36

Membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities covering some of the organs in this area

Front 37

parietal peritoneum

Back 37

Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdomen and pelvic cavities

Front 38

pariet/o

Back 38

Wall

Front 39

viscer/o

Back 39

Internal organ

Front 40

visceral peritoneum

Back 40

Inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds abdominal organs

Front 41

umbilicus, navel

Back 41

pit in abdominal wall marking the point of where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

Front 42

mesentery

Back 42

layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity

Front 43

retroperitoneal

Back 43

superficial to the peritoneum

Front 44

prone

Back 44

lying in ventral or sternal recumbency

Front 45

supine

Back 45

lying in dorsal recumbency

Front 46

adduction

Back 46

movement toward the midline

Hint 46

addition to something

Front 47

abduction

Back 47

means movement away from the midline

Hint 47

think abduction

Front 48

flexion

Back 48

closure of joint angle or reduction of angle between two bones

Front 49

extension

Back 49

straightening of a joint angle or an increase in the angle between two bones

Hint 49

extend your hand in a handshake

Front 50

hyperflexion

Back 50

when a joint is flexed or extended too far in the plantar or palmar joint angles

Front 51

hyperextension

Back 51

the dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle

Front 52

supination

Back 52

rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward

Front 53

pronation

Back 53

act of rotating the limb or body so that the palmar surface is turned downward

Front 54

rotation

Back 54

circular movement around an axis

Front 55

cytology

Back 55

the study of cells

Front 56

protoplasm

Back 56

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus collectively

Front 57

cell or plasma membrane

Back 57

structure lining the cell that protects the cell contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Front 58

cytoplasm

Back 58

gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

highly organized and contained organelles that are suspended in it and that are functional machinery of the cell

Front 59

nucleus

Back 59

structured cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane

Front 60

nucleoplasm

Back 60

material around the nucleus

Front 61

adip/o

Back 61

combining form of fat

Front 62

muscle tissue

Back 62

tissue that contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax

Front 63

nervous tissue

Back 63

contains cells with the ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

Front 64

-plasia

Back 64

describes formation, development, growth in the NUMBER of cells in organ or tissue

Front 65

-trophy

Back 65

describes formation, development, growth in the SIZE of cells in organ or tissue

Front 66

anaplasia

Back 66

change in structure of cells and their orientation to each other

Front 67

aplasia

Back 67

lack of development of an organ, tissue, or cell

Front 68

dysplasia

Back 68

abnormal growth or development of an organ or tissue or cell

Front 69

hyperplasia

Back 69

abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or tissue

Front 70

hypoplasia

Back 70

incomplete or less than normal cell development of an organ or tissue or cell

Front 71

chromosomes

Back 71

structures in the nucleus composed of DNA that transmit genetic information

Front 72

neoplasia

Back 72

abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled more rapid than normal and progressive

Front 73

tumor

Back 73

distinct mass of tissue formed by neoplasia

Front 74

benign

Back 74

not recurring

Front 75

malignant

Back 75

tending to spread and be life threatening

Front 76

-oma

Back 76

tumor or neoplasm

Front 77

atrophy

Back 77

decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ tissue or cell

Front 78

dystrophy

Back 78

defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell

Front 79

hypertrophy

Back 79

increase in the size of an organ tissue or cell

Front 80

glands

Back 80

specialized groups of cell that secrete material elsewhere in the body

Front 81

exocrine glands

Back 81

groups of cells that secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead outside of the body or to another organ i.e. sweat glands

Front 82

genetic disorder

Back 82

any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes

Front 83

endocrine glands

Back 83

groups of cells that secrete chemical substances directly into the bloodstream which transports them throughout the body

Front 84

organ

Back 84

part of the body that performs a special function or functions

Front 85

bicornuate uterus

Back 85

uterus with two horns

Front 86

unilateral

Back 86

pertaining to one side

Front 87

bilateral

Back 87

pertaining to two sides

Front 88

oste/o, oss/e, oss/i

Back 88

bones

Front 89

arthr/o

Back 89

joints

Front 90

chrondr/o

Back 90

cartilage

Front 91

skeletal system

Back 91

support and shape protects internal organs, hematopoiesis, mineral storage

Front 92

my/o

Back 92

muscles

Front 93

congenital

Back 93

denotes something abnormal that is present at birth

Front 94

fasc/i fasci/o

Back 94

fascia - connective tissue/collagen

Front 95

ten/o tend/o

Back 95

tendons

Front 96

anomaly or defect t

Back 96

deviation from what is regarded as normal

Front 97

tissue

Back 97

group of specialized cells that are similar in structure and function

Front 98

epithelial tissue or epithelium

Back 98

covers internal and external body surfaces made of tightly packed cells in a number of arrangements

Front 99

endothelium

Back 99

cellular covering that forms lining of the internal organs including blood vessels

Front 100

connective tissue

Back 100

adds support and structure to the body by binding parts together

Front 101

adipose

Back 101

connective tissue also knows as fat

Front 102

thym/o

Back 102

thymus

Front 103

ureter/o

Back 103

ureters

Front 104

anteriorposterio

Back 104

front of the body

Front 105

posterior

Back 105

rear of the body

Front 106

cephalic

Back 106

pertaining to the head

Front 107

medialsuper

Back 107

towards the midline

Front 108

superior

Back 108

uppermost, above, towards the head

Front 109

inferior

Back 109

lowermost below or towards the tail

Front 110

proximal

Back 110

nearest midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure

Front 111

distal

Back 111

farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure