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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a signalment?
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Breed, Repro status, Age, Gender, Species
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List the systems of the body
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integument, respiratory,cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, genitourinary,neurologic,general parameters, special senses
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What is the instrument used to see the tympanic membrane?
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Otoscope
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What heart valves are heard on the right?
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Tricuspid
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What heart valves are heard on the left?
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Pulmonic, mitral, aortic
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What are two examples of neurologic exams?
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Patellar reflex-tapping on patellar tendon Knuckling- turning toes over and observe animals correction of toes |
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What factors would you look at to evaluate dehydration?
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Skin turgor
gingival color and moistness CRT position of globe in orbit |
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Optimizing your physical exam
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Have pet under control
Chief complaint Signalment Get complete and accurate history -note any abnormal behaviors ask 1-2 questions about each system |
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Chief complaint
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reason for the appointment
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General parameters
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TPR
document with stickers, chart begin nose to tail |
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Glaucoma
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Increase in intra-ocular pressure
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Miosis
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constricting of pupil
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Mydriasis
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dilating of pupil
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uveitis
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inflammation of the iris and ciliate body
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cataracts
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opacity of the lenses
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tapetum
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portion of the eye that reflects light
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Schirmer Tear Test
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test for tear production, normal 10-25mm
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Fluorescein Stain/Dye
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test for ulceration of the cornea. If present, it will stain green
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Epistaxis
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bloody nose
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deciduous teeth
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baby teeth
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Tongue
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always check under the tongue for foreign bodies
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Aural hematoma
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collection of blood or pus in the pinna
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Exudates of the ear
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dry, dark flaky -earmites
light to yellowish pasty - yeast infection |
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Tympanic Membrane
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seen through otoscope
separates external ear from middle ear |
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Respiratory sounds in dogs
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heard during inspiration and expiration
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Common skin problems
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FAD-flea allergy dermatits
Seborrhea-crusty scales, oily skin alopecia-hair loss pruritis-itching pustules |
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Causes of dermatitis
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fleas
sarcoptic mange -zoonotic! demodex hormonal changes allergies heredity infections |
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Skin scrape
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1. Place drop of mineral oil onto slide
2. Begin scrape by holding skin with thumb and index fingers 3. Hold blade perpendicular 4. Depth depends upon what you are looking for 5. All material is placed onto slide 6. Add cover slip and look under 10x obj. |
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Ascites
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an increase in intra-abdominal fluid
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Anal Sacs
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located at 4 and 8 o'clock on the rectum
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Musculoskeletal Exam
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-observe pt. walking into room
-look for symmetry in muscle tone note any pain on joint motion or crepitus -palpate dorsal spine of each vertebrae noting pain |
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Bladder
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should feel fluid filled
abnormalities-stones, tumors, excessive firmness due to infection |
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Uterus
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cannot be palpated in normal female
-only in pregnancy, pyo and neoplasia |
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Cervix
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Can be plapated during pregnancy and certain times during estrus
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Cryptorchid
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no testicles in scrotum
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monorchid
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one testicle in scrotum
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Mammary glands
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note any lumps and location of them
check for pain and swelling presence of milk |
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name all 5 lymph nodes
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mandibular prescapular axillary inguinal popliteal |
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Which lymph nodes are not usually palpated in a normal patient?
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axillary & inguinal lymph nodes
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Allergic skin disease often causes enlargement of which lymph nodes?
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inguinal lymph nodes
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the species name for a cat is what?
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Felis Catus
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the species name for a gerbil is what?
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Meriones unguicilatus
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the species name for a rat is what?
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Rattus norvegicus
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Venipuncture sites for canines are what?
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Jugular, cephalic and lateral saphenous
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Which side of the jugular is the preferred venipuncture for an avian?
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Right jugular
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FVRCP stands for what?
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Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, Panleukopenia
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Feline Leukemia is considered a core or non core vaccine in cats?
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Non core
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DA2PP stands for what?
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Distemper, Hepatitis, Parainfluenza & Parvovirus
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What is the laymen"s term for Borrelia Burgdorferi?
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Lyme disease
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Is Borrelia Burgdorferi viral or bacterial?
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Bacterial
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What is epiphora?
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Excessive tear production
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What is nuclear Sclerosis?
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increased density of the lens causing blue/grey haziness at the center of the lens
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Does nuclear scleloris affect the eye sight?
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no
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The act of parturition for a dog is called what?
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whelping
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the Scientific name for a guinea pig is what?
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Cavia porcellus
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The scientific name for a mouse is what?
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Mus musculus
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An unneutered male rabbit would be called what?
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A buck
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The scientific name for a ferret is called what?
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Mustela putorius furo
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OSHA stands for what?
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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When involving chemical terminology, acute means what?
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effects after a single dose or exposure (usually a large dose)
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When involving chemical terminology, chronic means what?
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results from repeated small doses over a long period of time
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When involving chemical terminology, teratogenic means what?
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causing birth defects
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When involving chemical terminology, carcinogenic means what?
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cancer causing
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When involving chemical terminology, mutagenic means what?
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mutates, causes chromosomal alterations, risk of birth defects
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PPE stands for what?
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Personal protective equipment
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Animals 5 senses that they use are what?
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Smell, Sight, Hearing, Touch and Fight or Flight
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The most common senses used by animals are
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Smell, sight and hearing
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Cats and rabbits have an olfactory epithelium that is how much more developed than humans?
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14x
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The special layer of cells behind the lens of the eye is called what?
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The Tapetum
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Felines with ears flat against their head are displaying what feeling?
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Aggression
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When a dog or cats safety zone has been invaded, they are in what state?
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State of Alert
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When a dog or cat is in a State of Alert, what is triggered?
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Sympathetic nerve response, release of epinephrine
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During a release of epinephrine in a dog or cat, what happens to the body?
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Increased heart rate and blood flow to skeletal muscles, lungs & brain
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Some signs of a relaxed canine are?
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soft lips, ears in natural position, soft wrinkles on forehead
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When we restrict an animal's activity by verbal, physical or pharmacological means what is this called?
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restraint
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Restraint is important why?
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safety for vet personnel, owners and the patient. control for examination. diagnostic testing. |
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Muzzles, rabies pole, cat bags, gloves are all examples of what?
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restraint devices
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Lateral recumbency is what?
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Animal laying on their side
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Difference between feline and canine lateral recumbency is what?
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Scruffing of the cat/forearm across neck/shoulders of the dog
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When performing restraint for a medial saphenous venipuncture what should you be holding on the rear end of the feline?
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holding off the vein, securing the top leg and tail
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Ferrets can be safely scruffed? True/False
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True
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Chinchillas can be safely scruffed? True/False
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False
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When obtaining a patient history we need to do what 3 things?
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Translate(info from the owner), Condense( info from the owner) and Convey(verbally important info to vet) |
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Why is knowing the signalment of an animal important?
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It helps rule in or out potential breed/species/age related problems
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There can be only one Chief Complaint? True/False
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False
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Subjective part of the medical record should have what?
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All pertinent info the client provides in a condensed form
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Objective part of the medical record should have what?
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All measurable data
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Assessment part of the medical record should never been performed by a vet tech? True/False
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False
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the Plan part of the medical record should never be provided by the vet tech? True/False
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False
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When determining an accurate respiration count you should perform the count for how long?
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15 seconds
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When performing a integumentary system check you should be checking the following parts?
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Hair coat Skin Nail beds Paw and foot pads |
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Erythema means what?
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Red
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Pruritis means what?
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itching
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Seborrhea means what?
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flakiness and oiliness
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Papules means what?
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pink or red elevation of skin less than 0.5cm diameter
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Pustules means what?
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a small circumscribed elevation filled with pus
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hyperpigmentation means what?
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increased growth of the horny layer of the skin
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hyperkeratosis means what?
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skin thickening
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alopecia means what?
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hair loss
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comedones mean what?
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blackheads
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Nystagmus means what?
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involuntary eye movement
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Anisocoria means what?
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unequal pupil size
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PLR stands for what?
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Pupillary light response
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Some observations of the oral cavity should include what?
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foreign objects, erythema, ulcerations, masses, teeth
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Apnea means what?
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absence of breathing
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Dyspnea means what?
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difficult breathing
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Tachypnea means what?
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rapid breathing
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Cyanosis means what?
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abnormal condition of blue coloration caused by inadequate oxygen levels
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MM stands for what?
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Mucous membranes
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A sinus arrhythmia means what?
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fluctuation in the heart rate concurrent with respiration
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Smegma is what?
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green/yellow discharge forming in the prepuce
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The menace reflex is the blink response to the movement toward the eye? True/False
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True
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Proprioception is what?
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awareness of body position and movement, the ability to "right" themselves
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Proprioception is determined during what part of the physical exam?
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Neurological
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Ataxia causes the animal patient to act like what?
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A stumbling drunk
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Conjunctiva is what?
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the mm that lines the underside of each eyelid
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Distichia means what?
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A double row of eyelashes
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Distichia can cause what?
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Corneal ulcers due to irritation
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KCS stands for what?
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Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
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KCS is also known as what?
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Dry eye
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When treating corneal ulcers you should never dispense what type of antibiotics?
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Antibiotics containing corticosteroids
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Cataracts only effective therapy is the surgical removal of the lens. True/False
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True
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Nuclear sclerosis generally occurs over what age?
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6 years
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A Schiotz device measures what?
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amount of corneal indentation that occurs when a weight is placed on the cornea
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