Veterinary Technician

Front 1

Aboral

Back 1

Opposite to or away from the mouth

Front 2

Abduct

Back 2

To draw away from the median plane of the body or one of its parts.

Front 3

Acetylcholine

Back 3

Chemical neurotransmitter substance; thought to play an important role in nerve impulse transmissions

Front 4

Absorber

Back 4

Filters out carbon dioxide particles from the patient's exhaled gases

Front 5

Acini

Back 5

Smallest division of a gland; a group of secretory cells surrounding a cavity

Front 6

Acidosis

Back 6

Excessive acidity of body fluid due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate

Front 7

Adrenergic

Back 7

Nerve fibers that release epinephrine when stimulated

Front 8

Adherent

Back 8

Attached to, as of two surfaces

Front 9

Agglutination

Back 9

One type of antigens antibody reaction in which a solid antigen clumps together with a soluble antibody

Front 10

Aerophagia

Back 10

Swallowing of air

Front 11

Agonists

Back 11

That which works with the action of something else

Front 12

Aggregation

Back 12

Clustering or coming together of substances

Front 13

Alkali

Back 13

Substance having marked basic properties

Front 14

Akinesia

Back 14

Loss of motor response (movement) caused by paralysis of nerves

Front 15

Alloantibody

Back 15

Antibody produced by an isoantigen

Front 16

Alkalosis

Back 16

Excessive alkalinity of body fluids due to accumulation of alkalies or reduction of acids

Front 17

Allodynia

Back 17

Condition in which a normal painless stimulus is now perceived as painful

Front 18

Alopecia

Back 18

Absence or loss of hair

Front 19

Ambulation

Back 19

Ability to walk

Front 20

Alveolar

Back 20

Small hollow

Front 21

Amplitude

Back 21

Largeness of dimension

Front 22

Amino acid

Back 22

One of a large group of organic compounds marked by the presence of both an amino acid and a carboxyl group

Front 23

Amyloidosis

Back 23

Metabolic disorder marked by deposition of amyloid in organs and tissues

Front 24

Amyloid

Back 24

Resembling starch

Front 25

Anechoic

Back 25

To not produce any or only a few echos

Front 26

Anastomosis

Back 26

Surgical or pathological connection of two tubular structures

Front 27

Anisocoria

Back 27

Inequality of the size of the pupils

Front 28

Anesthetic

Back 28

Agent that produces loss of feeling or sensation

Front 29

Anisokaryosis

Back 29

Unequal size of the cell's nucelei

Front 30

Anisocytosis

Back 30

Excessive inequality in the size of cells

Front 31

Antagonist

Back 31

That which counteracts the action of something else

Front 32

Ankylosis

Back 32

Immobile joint

Front 33

Antipuritic

Back 33

Inhibiting itching

Front 34

Antiemetics

Back 34

Preventing or relieving nausea or vomiting

Front 35

Anuria

Back 35

Absence of urine formation

Front 36

Antipyretic

Back 36

Agent that reduces fever

Front 37

Aphakic

Back 37

Absence of the crystalline lense of the eye

Front 38

Apex

Back 38

Pointed extremity of a conical structure

Front 39

Apneustic breathing

Back 39

Breathing in which there is inspiratory hold or pulse before exhalation; often seen in dissociative anesthesia

Front 40

Apnea

Back 40

Cessation of respiration

Front 41

Aqueous humor

Back 41

Thick water substance in the eye to maintain IOP and inflate the globe of the eye

Front 42

Aqueous flare

Back 42

Increased turbidity of aqueous humor

Front 43

Arthralgia

Back 43

Pain in the joint

Front 44

Arterial blood gasses

Back 44

Gasses found in the blood; clinically useful oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 45

Artificial colloid

Back 45

Intravenous solution containing protein or starch molecules

Front 46

Arthrodesis

Back 46

Surgical immobilization of a joint

Front 47

Ataxia

Back 47

Defective muscular coordination

Front 48

Ascites

Back 48

Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 49

Auscultate

Back 49

To examine by listening to the sounds produced within the body

Front 50

Atrial fibrillation

Back 50

Cardiac arrhythmia affecting the atria; disorganized activity in the atria leads to irregular conduction of impulses to the ventricles

Front 51

Axillary

Back 51

Pertaining to the area beneath the forelimb; armpit

Front 52

Autolysis

Back 52

Self-dissolution or self-digestion that occurs in tissues or cells by enzymes in the cell's themselves

Front 53

Axostyle

Back 53

Rod in many parasites to aid in movement or to support function

Front 54

Axoneme

Back 54

Cytoskeletal structure in the inner core of cilia or flagella providing support

Front 55

Bacteremia

Back 55

Bacteria in the blood

Front 56

Azotemia

Back 56

Presence of nitrogenous bodies

Front 57

Barotrauma

Back 57

Any injury caused by a change in atmospheric pressure between a potentially closed space and the surrounding area

Front 58

Bacteriostatic

Back 58

Inhibiting bacterial growth

Front 59

Bioactive amine

Back 59

Amines capable of producing a biological effect (e.g. catecholamines, benzobiazepines)

Front 60

Basophilic

Back 60

Staining readily with a basic (blue) stain

Front 61

Biot's respiration

Back 61

Sequence of uniformly deep breaths, apnea, and then deep breaths again

Front 62

Bioavailability

Back 62

Rate and extent to which an active drug metabolite enters the general circulation, thereby permitting access to the site of action

Front 63

Blepharospasm

Back 63

Twitching of the eyelid (spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle)

Front 64

Bipolar

Back 64

Having two poles or processes

Front 65

Biomicroscopy

Back 65

Microscope for viewing the eye

Front 66

Borborygmus

Back 66

Rumbling sound produced by the movement of gas through the GIT

Front 67

Brachygnathism

Back 67

Abnormal shortness of the lower jaw

Front 68

Breathing tubes

Back 68

Corrugated tubing connecting the endotracheal tube of the patient to the anesthetic machine

Front 69

Bronchiectasis

Back 69

Chronic dilatation of the bronchus or bronchi, with a secondary infection

Front 70

Bronchial sounds

Back 70

Produced by air movement in the trachea and larger bronchi; louder on expiration

Front 71

Buccal

Back 71

Pertaining to the cheek muscle

Front 72

Brownian movement

Back 72

Oscillatory movement of particles resulting from chance bombardment of molecules moving at high velocities

Front 73

Calculus

Back 73

Any abnormal concretion within the animal body

Front 74

Cachexia

Back 74

State of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

Front 75

Carbohydrate

Back 75

Group of chemical substances, including sugars, glycogen, starches, dextrins, and celluloses, that contain only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Front 76

Candidiasis

Back 76

Infection of Candida

Front 77

Carnassial

Back 77

Last upper premolar and first lower molar, used for shearing in a scissor-like way

Front 78

Cardiac tamponade

Back 78

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardium resulting in increased pressure on the heart and decreased diastolic filling of the ventricles

Front 79

Catalespy

Back 79

Trance-like state, muscle rigidity, fixity of posture (limbs will remain in whatever position placed in), decreased sensitivity to pain

Front 80

Canarypox vector

Back 80

Vaccines able to produce an immune response without and adjuvant

Front 81

Catalepsy

Back 81

State in which there is malleable rigidity of the limbs and the patient is generally unresponsive aural, visual, minor painful stimuli

Front 82

Catecholamine

Back 82

Chemical compound (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) typically used to prepare the body for the fight or flight response (e.g. increase in blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose)

Front 83

Caudate

Back 83

Possessing a tail

Front 84

Cathartics

Back 84

Substance to accelerate defecation

Front 85

Celiotomy

Back 85

Incision into the abdominal cavity

Front 86

Caustic

Back 86

Destructive to living tissue

Front 87

Cellulitis

Back 87

Inflammation of connective tissue

Front 88

Cellularity

Back 88

Quality of the cell (e.g. component size and shape)

Front 89

Chelate

Back 89

To chemically grasp a toxic substance, making it non-active

Front 90

Cestode

Back 90

Gastrointestinal flatworm

Front 91

Chemoreceptor zone

Back 91

Area of the brain that stimulates vomiting when certain toxins enter the bloodstream

Front 92

Chemo-pin

Back 92

Device pushed into a drug vial to prevent overpressurization and aerosolization

Front 93

Cholestasis

Back 93

Failure of bile flow

Front 94

Chemosis

Back 94

Edema of the conjunctiva around the cornea

Front 95

Chyle

Back 95

Milk-like, alkaline contents of the lacteals and the lymphatic vessels of the intestines, consisting of the products of digestion and principally absorbed fats

Front 96

Cholingeric

Back 96

Nerve fibers that release acetylcholine when stimulated

Front 97

Colobomas

Back 97

Lesion or defect of the eye, usually a fissure or cleft of the iris, ciliary body, or choroid

Front 98

Collimate

Back 98

Radiology: to decrease the field of area to be radiographed to reduce x-ray scatter

Front 99

Collostrum

Back 99

Mammary fluid produced by the animal a few days before and after birthing; containing proteins, calories, antibodies, and lymphocytes

Front 100

Colorimetric

Back 100

Determination of the amount of absorbance of a solution at a particular wavelength of light

Front 101

Commisure

Back 101

Point or line across the midline or dividing space of two structures

Front 102

Comedones

Back 102

Discolored dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin

Front 103

Computer radiography

Back 103

Cross-sectional set of images

Front 104

Compressed gas cylinders

Back 104

Metal cylinder with gas held under pressure to increase capacity of cylinder

Front 105

Concentration

Back 105

Amount of a given substance mixed with another substance

Front 106

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Back 106

Used to manage or prevent alveolar collapse or atelectasis

Front 107

Convex

Back 107

Curved evenly; resembling the segment of a sphere

Front 108

Contrast

Back 108

Difference between the lightest and darkest part of the film, reflecting two adjacent radiographic densities

Front 109

Core vaccines

Back 109

Vaccines recommended for every dog

Front 110

Coprophagia

Back 110

Eating of excrement

Front 111

Coupage

Back 111

Striking the chest to loosen bronchial secretion and thus to facilitate chest wall drainage

Front 112

Cornified

Back 112

Changed into horny tissue

Front 113

Crown

Back 113

Area of the tooth above the gumline, usually covered by enamel

Front 114

Crepitus

Back 114

Having or making a crackling sound

Front 115

Crypt

Back 115

Pit or depression into an epithelial surface

Front 116

Cryotherapy

Back 116

Use of low temperatures for medical therapy

Front 117

Crystalloid

Back 117

Isotonic or electrolyte solution typically used as a replacement or maintenance solution

Front 118

Cryptorchidism

Back 118

Failure of one or more testicles to descend normally

Front 119

Cyanosis

Back 119

Blue or grey coloring of mucous membranes and skin during hypoxia

Front 120

Central venous pressure

Back 120

Pressure within the superior vena cava; represents the pressure of the blood returning to the right atrium

Front 121

Daily energy requirement

Back 121

Total daily energy requirement of an animal

Front 122

Cycloplegic

Back 122

Medication that results in paralysis of the ciliary muscle in the eye

Front 123

Dead space, anatomic

Back 123

Volume of air from the nose and the mouth to the alveoli

Front 124

Danger level

Back 124

Point at which the level of a specific chemistry in the blood is reaching a critical (dangerous) point

Front 125

Decerebellate posture

Back 125

Hind limbs are flexed while the forelimbs are in extensor rigidity, altered mentation

Front 126

Dead space, physiological

Back 126

Anatomic dead space and the volume of air in any non-functioning alveoli, and the volume of air in excess of the amount needed to convert the oxygen content of capillary blood to that of atrial blood

Front 127

Deciduous

Back 127

Tending to fall out or being shed; temporary

Front 128

Decerebrate posture

Back 128

Involuntary extension of the forelimbs in response to external stimuli

Front 129

Degloving

Back 129

Tearing off of an extensive amount of skin from the underlying tissue, serving it's blood supply

Front 130

Definitive host

Back 130

Animal harboring a sexually mature parasite

Front 131

Density

Back 131

Degree of blackness of a radiograph

Front 132

Dehiscence

Back 132

Rupture of a wound

Front 133

Dermatophyte

Back 133

Fungal parasite of the skin

Front 134

Dentin

Back 134

Calcified tissue laying over the pulp cavity and covered by the enamel of a tooth

Front 135

Desquamative cells

Back 135

Shedding epidural cells

Front 136

Descemetocele

Back 136

Corneal ulcer extending through the stroma at a great risk of perforation; protrusion of Descemet membrane

Front 137

Diatheses

Back 137

Constitutional predisposition to certain disease conditions

Front 138

Diastolic

Back 138

Time when the heart relaxes after contraction and fills with blood

Front 139

Digestibility

Back 139

Percentage of the food's gross nutrient content released following mechanical and chemical digestive processes

Front 140

Dermatophytosis

Back 140

Fungal infection

Front 141

Dissociative anesthesia

Back 141

State in which that patient is disconnected from its environment; interruption of information flow from the unconscious to the conscious parts of the brain

Front 142

Diskospondylitis

Back 142

Infectious process of the intervertebral disk

Front 143

Dosage

Back 143

Amount, frequency, and duration of a medication

Front 144

Diuretic

Back 144

Increasing the secretion of urine

Front 145

Dychezia

Back 145

Painful or difficult bowl movement

Front 146

Dosimeter

Back 146

Device to measure the amount of exposed radiation to an individual

Front 147

Dysphagia

Back 147

Difficulty eating

Front 148

Dyscoria

Back 148

Abnormal form or shape of the pupil

Front 149

Dysphoria

Back 149

State of exaggerated feelings of anxiety, restlessness, or sadness

Front 150

Dysphonia

Back 150

Difficulty in speaking

Front 151

Echogenicity

Back 151

Strength or amplitude of returning echos

Front 152

Ecchymoses

Back 152

Extravasation of blood into the surrounding tissues from ruptured blood vessels

Front 153

Eczema, miliary

Back 153

Acute or chronic cutaneous inflammatory condition with erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs alone or in combination

Front 154

Ectopic

Back 154

Abnormal position

Front 155

Edematous

Back 155

Area of edema

Front 156

Edema

Back 156

Area of tissue containing an excessive amount of interstitial fluid

Front 157

Electromechanical dissociation

Back 157

Heart rhythm observed on an ECG that should produce a pulse, but does not

Front 158

Edrophonium

Back 158

Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Front 159

ELISA

Back 159

Used for detection of an antibody or an antigen

Front 160

Embryonated

Back 160

Having an embryo

Front 161

Enamel

Back 161

Hard mineralized material covering the crown of the tooth

Front 162

Emetic

Back 162

To cause vomiting

Front 163

Endophthalmitis

Back 163

Inflammation of the inside of the eye that may or may not be limited to a particular chamber

Front 164

Encephalopathy

Back 164

Disease of the brain

Front 165

Endotoxin

Back 165

Bacterial toxin within a bacterium that is released upon destruction of the bacterium

Front 166

Endotoxemia

Back 166

Toxins in the blood

Front 167

Enucleation

Back 167

Removal of the eye and all orbital tissues

Front 168

Energy

Back 168

Ability to do work

Front 169

Epidural anesthesia

Back 169

Deposition of local anesthesia within the epidural space

Front 170

Epididymitis

Back 170

Inflammation of the epididymis

Front 171

Epistaxis

Back 171

Hemorrhage from the nose

Front 172

Epiphora

Back 172

Abnormal overflow of tears down the cheek caused by excess secretion of tears or obstruction of the lacrimal duct

Front 173

Epithelium

Back 173

Cells forming the epidermis and the surface layer of the mucous and serous membranes

Front 174

Epithelialization

Back 174

Growth of skin over a wound

Front 175

Ergosterol

Back 175

Component of fungal cell membrane required to build and maintain the membrane

Front 176

Epulides

Back 176

Firm tumors involving the gingival tissue

Front 177

Evisceration

Back 177

Surgical removal of intraocular contents

Front 178

Erythropoietin

Back 178

Hormone stimulating red blood cell production

Front 179

Extracapsular

Back 179

Outside a capsule

Front 180

Exsanguinate

Back 180

Draining or losing of blood; milking the blood away from an area

Front 181

Extraorally

Back 181

Outside of the mouth

Front 182

Extracellular

Back 182

Outside a cell

Front 183

Extrinsic

Back 183

No forming part of or belonging to a thing

Front 184

Extravasation

Back 184

Leakage of fluid in surrounding tissue

Front 185

Faculative

Back 185

Having the ability to live under certain circumstances

Front 186

F wave

Back 186

Fibrillating (flutter) waves during contraction of the atria

Front 187

Fatty acid

Back 187

Derived from natural fats and classified as either saturated or unsaturated

Front 188

Fat

Back 188

Triglyceride that contains three fatty acids attached to glycerol by an esters linkage

Front 189

Fetid

Back 189

Rank or foul in odor

Front 190

Fenestration

Back 190

Opening made in a structure

Front 191

Fibrinogen

Back 191

Soluble plasma glycoprotein synthesized by the liver, converted to fibrin during clot formation

Front 192

Fiber

Back 192

Food that is not digestible and passes through the small intestines undigested; consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, gums, and pectin

Front 193

Field block

Back 193

Creation of "walls" of anesthesia encircling the surgical field by means of injection of a local anesthetic

Front 194

Fibrosis

Back 194

Accumulation of excessive fibrous connective tissue as a repair or reactive response

Front 195

Flail chest

Back 195

Broken segment of the thoracic wall (rib) that is detached from the rest of the chest wall moving freely with respiration

Front 196

Fistula

Back 196

Abnormal passage from one cavity to another

Front 197

Flocculent

Back 197

Culture containing whitish shreds of mucus

Front 198

Floccose

Back 198

Growth made up of short and densely but irregularly interwoven filaments

Front 199

Fluoride

Back 199

Compound of fluorine that makes teeth more resistant to the formation of tooth decay

Front 200

Flowmeter

Back 200

Controls the rate at which a particular gas is delivered to the patient

Front 201

Folliculitis

Back 201

Inflammation of a hair follicle

Front 202

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 202

Promotes growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males

Front 203

Frenulum

Back 203

Small fold of tissue used to hold a moveable organ in place ( e.g. tounge)

Front 204

Fontanelle

Back 204

Unossified space of tissue lying between the cranial bones of a fetus; also known as the soft spot

Front 205

Fungicide

Back 205

Destroying fungi

Front 206

Fructosamine

Back 206

Compound containing fructose and ammonia or an amine used in a test to evaluate diabetic control

Front 207

Furcation

Back 207

Something that is branched (e.g. where the roots divide on a tooth)

Front 208

Fungistatic

Back 208

Inhibiting fungal growth

Front 209

General anesthesia

Back 209

Controllable and reversible loss of consciousness induced by intoxication of the CNS

Front 210

Genal

Back 210

Pertaining to the cheek

Front 211

Gingiva

Back 211

Gums; the mucous membranes surrounding the teeth

Front 212

Germination

Back 212

Process where growth develops following a period of dormancy

Front 213

Globulin, a

Back 213

Globular protein in plasma (e.g. alpha-1, alpha-2) used for transport and assists in the formation of other substances; produced by the liver

Front 214

Globulin

Back 214

Globular protein in plasma insoluble in pure water and soluble in dilute salt solutions

Front 215

Globulin, gamma

Back 215

Immune protein (e.g. antibodies) responsible for immune response; produced by B lymphocytes

Front 216

Globulin, beta

Back 216

Globular protein in plasma used for transport and assists in the formation of other substances; produced by the liver

Front 217

Glycogenolysis

Back 217

Body's process of converting glycogen to glucose

Front 218

Gluconeogenesis

Back 218

Process of making glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (e.g. amino acids, fatty acids) by the liver

Front 219

Glycosaminoglycan (GAGS)

Back 219

Carbohydrate forming an important component of connective tissue

Front 220

Glycoproteins

Back 220

Combination of a carbohydrate and a protein

Front 221

Glycosylated

Back 221

Process of forming a glycoprotein

Front 222

Glomerulonephropathy

Back 222

Disease of the glomerulus of the kidney

Front 223

Goniometry

Back 223

Process of measuring joint movements and angles

Front 224

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Back 224

Stimulates the release of LH or FSH or the activity similar to the hormones

Front 225

Granulation bed

Back 225

Combination of new fibroblasts, fibrous tissue, and capillaries on a wound

Front 226

Granularity

Back 226

Measure of the size of the components (e.g. fine, coarse)

Front 227

Halitosis

Back 227

Bad breath

Front 228

Granulomatous

Back 228

Containing a mass of inflamed and often infected granulation tissue

Front 229

Hematochezia

Back 229

Blood in the feces

Front 230

Hematemesis

Back 230

Blood in the vomitus

Front 231

Hematuria

Back 231

Blood in the urine

Front 232

Hematopoietic

Back 232

Formation of blood

Front 233

Hemolytic

Back 233

Breaking down of the red blood cells

Front 234

Hemoagglutination

Back 234

Agglutination of red blood cells

Front 235

Hemoptysis

Back 235

Expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs

Front 236

Hemolyzed

Back 236

Breakdown of red blood cells

Front 237

Heparinized

Back 237

To stop coagulation of blood with the addition of heparin

Front 238

Hemoatasis

Back 238

Arrest of bleeding

Front 239

Hepatomegaly

Back 239

Enlarged liver

Front 240

Hepatoid

Back 240

Having the structural form of the liver

Front 241

Hyaluronic acid

Back 241

Nonsulfated GAG naturally found in connective, epithelial, and neural tissues (e.g. synovial fluid, articular cartilage)

Front 242

Humidification

Back 242

Providing increased moisture in the air

Front 243

Hydrolyzed protein

Back 243

Protein broken down into smaller components (amino acids) reducing the chance of eliciting an allergic response

Front 244

Hydatid cyst

Back 244

Cyst formed in the tissues for development of the larval stage of Echinococcus

Front 245

Hyperalgesia

Back 245

Increased sensitivity to pain

Front 246

Hydrophilic

Back 246

Capable of hydrogen binding; strong affinity for water

Front 247

Hypercapnia

Back 247

Excessively high level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 248

Hypercalcemia

Back 248

Excessive amount of calcium in the blood

Front 249

Hyperechoic

Back 249

To produce more echoes than the surrounding tissue

Front 250

Hypercellular

Back 250

Increased cellular content

Front 251

Hyperesthesia

Back 251

Increased sensitivity to sensory stilumli (touch, sight, sound)

Front 252

Hyperemic

Back 252

Increase blood flow to different tissues in the body

Front 253

Hyperkalemia

Back 253

Excessive amount of potassium in the blood

Front 254

Hyperglycemia

Back 254

Excess of sugar in the blood

Front 255

Hyperkinesis

Back 255

Overactive restlessness, uncontrollable activity or muscular movements

Front 256

Hyperkeratotic

Back 256

Hypertrophy of the corneous layer of the skin

Front 257

Hyperosmolar

Back 257

Increased osmolarity of the blood

Front 258

Hyperoncotic

Back 258

Increased oncotic pressure

Front 259

Hyperphosphatemia

Back 259

Excessive amount of phosphate in the blood

Front 260

Hyperpathia

Back 260

Greatly exaggerated pain sensation

Front 261

Hyperreflexia

Back 261

Overactive or responsive reflexes

Front 262

Hyperplasia

Back 262

Proliferation of cells

Front 263

Hyperthermia

Back 263

Unusually high fever

Front 264

Hyperthenuric

Back 264

Abnormally concentrated urine

Front 265

Hypertrophic

Back 265

Thickening or enlargement of organ

Front 266

Hypertonic

Back 266

Having a higher osmotic pressure than a compared solution; >300 mOsm/L

Front 267

Hypocapnia

Back 267

Excessively low level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 268

Hypnosis

Back 268

Artificially induced sleep or a trance resembling sleep from which the patient can be aroused by stiluli

Front 269

Hypochloremia

Back 269

Depleted amount of chloride in the blood

Front 270

Hypocellular

Back 270

Decreased cell content

Front 271

Hypocortisolemia

Back 271

Depleted amount of cortisol in the blood

Front 272

Hypochromic

Back 272

Depleted amount of color

Front 273

Hypokalemia

Back 273

Depleted amount of potassium in the blood

Front 274

Hypoglycemia

Back 274

Depleted amount of sugar in the blood

Front 275

Hypoperfusion

Back 275

Abnormally low amount of tissue blood flow resulting in decreased oxygen and nutrients to the body as well as failure to remove wastes

Front 276

Hyponatremia

Back 276

Depleted amount of sodium in the blood

Front 277

Hyporeflexia

Back 277

Decreased or absent reflexes

Front 278

Hypoplasia

Back 278

Incomplete or stopped development of an organ

Front 279

Hypotonia

Back 279

Decrease in muscle tone and stiffness

Front 280

Hypothenuric

Back 280

Abnormally diluted urine

Front 281

Hypovolemia

Back 281

Abnormally low blood volume

Front 282

Hypotony

Back 282

Defective muscular tension or tone

Front 283

Icterus

Back 283

Yellow coloration of the skin and mucous membranes

Front 284

Iatrogenic

Back 284

Adverse effect or complication caused by or resulting from medical treatment

Front 285

Idiosyncratic

Back 285

Individual hypersensitivity

Front 286

Idiopathic

Back 286

Conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin

Front 287

Immunization/vaccination

Back 287

Process of administering a vaccine to produce a protective immune response from the host

Front 288

Ileus

Back 288

Limited or absent intestinal passage; intestinal obstruction

Front 289

Inanimate

Back 289

Not alive

Front 290

Impetigo

Back 290

Skin disease seen with crusted and possible ruptured pustules

Front 291

Incontinence

Back 291

Inability to retain urine

Front 292

Incisal

Back 292

Property of an object to remain at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force

Front 293

Infarction

Back 293

Area of tissue in an organ or part that undergoes necrosis after cessation of blood supply

Front 294

Inertia

Back 294

Property of an object to remain at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force

Front 295

Intercostal

Back 295

Between the ribs

Front 296

Infraorbital

Back 296

Situated below the eye socket (orbit)

Front 297

Intermittent partial pressure ventilation

Back 297

manual method of placing air into a patient's lungs

Front 298

Intermediate host

Back 298

Animal used during the immature stages of the parasite's life cycle to continue its development

Front 299

Interpleural

Back 299

Within the pleura

Front 300

Interdental

Back 300

Between the teeth

Front 301

Intraorally

Back 301

Within the mouth

Front 302

Intracellular

Back 302

Within the cell

Front 303

Intrinsic

Back 303

Originating or due to causes within a body organ or part

Front 304

Intraosseus

Back 304

Within the bone

Front 305

Iridodonesis

Back 305

Tremulousness of the iris, seen in an aphakic eye or one with subluxated lens

Front 306

Ipsilateral

Back 306

Affecting the same side of the body

Front 307

Ischemic

Back 307

Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of circulation to a part

Front 308

Ischemia

Back 308

restriction in blood supply

Front 309

Isoantigen

Back 309

Substance found in an individual that causes antibody formation in another individual

Front 310

Isoantibody

Back 310

Antibody produced by an isoantigen

Front 311

Isoerythrolysis

Back 311

Lysis of red blood cells by isoantibodies

Front 312

Isoechoic

Back 312

To produce similar echoes as the surrounding tissue

Front 313

Isotonic solution

Back 313

Exerting an equivalent osmotic pressure to the compared solution; =300 mOsm/L

Front 314

Isothenuric

Back 314

Condition of urine being of a uniform specific gravity and osmolarity despite fluctuations in fluid uptake

Front 315

Karyo

Back 315

Referring to a cell's nucleus

Front 316

Jaundice

Back 316

Yellow coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive bilirubin in the blood

Front 317

Keratolytic

Back 317

Loosening or shedding of the katatin

Front 318

Keratin

Back 318

Fibrous structural proteins of the skin, hair, and nails

Front 319

Kilocalorie

Back 319

Unit of measure for heat

Front 320

Keratoplastic

Back 320

Promotion of thickening of the keratin layers

Front 321

Lavage

Back 321

Therapeutic washing out of a cavity

Front 322

Laminectomy

Back 322

Surgical removal of the vertebral lamina

Front 323

Leukocytosis

Back 323

Increase in the number of leukocytes

Front 324

Left shift

Back 324

Increased number of immature neutrophils in the blood

Front 325

Life stage

Back 325

physiological stages of life

Front 326

Leukopenia

Back 326

Decreased number of white blood cells

Front 327

Lipemic

Back 327

Increased fat in the blood

Front 328

Lingually

Back 328

Related to the tongue

Front 329

Lochia

Back 329

clear, odorless, serosanguineous normal postpartum discharge

Front 330

Local anesthesia

Back 330

Injection of an anesthetic agent into the tissues that are to be incised or manipulated

Front 331

Luxation

Back 331

Displacement of organs or articular surfaces

Front 332

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 332

Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone in males

Front 333

Lymphadenopathy

Back 333

Disease of the lymph nodes

Front 334

Lymphadenomegaly

Back 334

Enlargement of the lymph nodes

Front 335

Lysed

Back 335

To cause dissolution or decomposition

Front 336

Lyophilized

Back 336

To freeze-dry

Front 337

Macrokaryosis

Back 337

Enlarged red blood cell nucleus

Front 338

Macrocytosis

Back 338

Enlarged cell size

Front 339

Maintenance solution

Back 339

Solution that contains less sodium and more potassium than replacement solutions

Front 340

Macrophages

Back 340

Cell found within the tissues, originating as a monocyte

Front 341

Malnutrition

Back 341

Improper of insufficient diet

Front 342

Malassimilation

Back 342

Inability or incomplete ability of the GIT to take up ingested nutrients

Front 343

Manubrium

Back 343

Uppermost segment of the sternum

Front 344

Manometer

Back 344

Monitors pressure within the breathing system

Front 345

Meat meal

Back 345

Rendered product from mammalian tissue

Front 346

Meat by products

Back 346

Nonrendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered animals

Front 347

Melena

Back 347

Black, tarry feces caused by action of intestinal secretions on free blood

Front 348

Megathromboytosis

Back 348

Condition of enlarged platelets

Front 349

Meniscus

Back 349

Concavo-convex lens

Front 350

Menace response

Back 350

rapid eye closure, with or without head withdrawl, in response to a threatening or unexpected image suddenly appearing in the near-field vision

Front 351

Mesenchymal

Back 351

Embryonic connective tissue

Front 352

Mentation

Back 352

Mental activity

Front 353

Mesothelium

Back 353

Protective lining that covers most of the body's internal organs (e.g., pleura)

Front 354

Mesothelioma

Back 354

malignant cells developed in the mesothelium

Front 355

Metabolic alkalosis

Back 355

condition in which there is an excess of hydrogen ions resulting in an increase in the body pH

Front 356

Metabolic acidosis

Back 356

Condition in which there is an excess of hydrogen ions resulting in a decrease in the body pH

Front 357

Metabolism

Back 357

Transfer of disease from one organ to another

Front 358

Metastasis

Back 358

Complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells

Front 359

Microfilariae

Back 359

The embryos of filarial worms (e.g., heartworm)

Front 360

Microaggregates

Back 360

Microscopic clots (e.g., particles, platelets, cells) found in stored blood

Front 361

Micturition

Back 361

Act of voiding urine from the body

Front 362

Micronutrient

Back 362

Essential nutrient; required in only small amounts

Front 363

Miosis

Back 363

Abnormal contraction of the pupil

Front 364

Mineral

Back 364

Inorganic homogeneous crystalline chemical element or compound

Front 365

Mixed echogenicity

Back 365

For one structure to produce more than one echogenicity

Front 366

Mitotic figures

Back 366

Chromosomes visible as tangled, dark staining threads; no nucleus

Front 367

Morbidity

Back 367

State of being diseased

Front 368

Mordant

Back 368

Substance used to set dyes

Front 369

Mucoceles

Back 369

Enlargement of a hollow organ or sac (e.g., lacrimal sac)

Front 370

Mortality

Back 370

Death rate

Front 371

Mucoprotein

Back 371

Complex compound containing a protein and a mucopolysaccharide

Front 372

Mucoperiosteum

Back 372

Periosteum with a mucous membrane

Front 373

Myalgia

Back 373

Muscle pain

Front 374

Mucopurulent

Back 374

Consisting of pus and mucus

Front 375

Mydriasis

Back 375

Abnormal dilation of the pupil

Front 376

Myasthenia gravis

Back 376

Disease characterized by muscle weakness and progressive fatigue

Front 377

Myoclonus

Back 377

Repetitive, rhythmic twitching or clonic spasm of a muscle or group of muscles

Front 378

Myocardium

Back 378

Middle muscular layer of the heart

Front 379

Nadir

Back 379

The lowest point

Front 380

Myxedema

Back 380

Condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland

Front 381

Necrotic

Back 381

Death of tissue

Front 382

Narcosis

Back 382

Drug-induced stupor or sedation in which the patient is oblivious to pain, with or without hypnosis

Front 383

Neonate

Back 383

Newborn up to 6 weeks of age

Front 384

Nematode

Back 384

Roundworms

Front 385

Nephrogram

Back 385

Radiograph showing the opacification of the functional parenchyma of the kidneys

Front 386

Nephrocalcinosis

Back 386

Diffuse, fine, renal calcification

Front 387

Neuroleptanalgesia

Back 387

State characterized by lack of apprehension and anxiety (neurolepsis) and loss of pain perception (analgesia)

Front 388

Nerve block

Back 388

Injection of an anesthetic agent close to the major nerves whose conductivity is to be cut off

Front 389

Neutropenia

Back 389

Decreased number of neutrophils in the blood

Front 390

Neuropathy

Back 390

Disease of the nerves

Front 391

Nitrogenous waste

Back 391

Nitrogen waste eliminated by the kidney

Front 392

Nictitans

Back 392

Third eyelid; nictitating membrane

Front 393

Nocturia

Back 393

excessive urination at night

Front 394

New methylene blue (NMB)

Back 394

Stain used in microbiology

Front 395

Nonrebreathing system

Back 395

Patient receives fresh oxygen and anesthetic gases with each breath

Front 396

Noncore vaccine

Back 396

Vaccines recommended based on potential risk factors

Front 397

Normochromic

Back 397

Possessing normal color

Front 398

Normocellular

Back 398

Possessing normal cellular qualities and content

Front 399

Nystagmus

Back 399

Constant, involuntary, cyclical movement of the eyeball

Front 400

Normocyte

Back 400

Normal-sized cell

Front 401

Odontoclast

Back 401

Cell responsible for the absorption of the root of a deciduous tooth

Front 402

Occlusal

Back 402

Relating to the closure of an opening; biting surface of the teeth

Front 403

Oliguria

Back 403

Decreased amount of urine formation

Front 404

Oligodontia

Back 404

Less teeth than considered normal

Front 405

Oncotic pressure

Back 405

Pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood and tissue fluid proteins on the capillary walls

Front 406

Oncosphere

Back 406

Embryonic phase of a tapeworm in which it has hooks

Front 407

Oocyst

Back 407

Encysted form of a fertilized gamete occurring in certain sporozoa

Front 408

Onychectomy

Back 408

Removal of the nail and entire third phalanx

Front 409

Oronasal

Back 409

Regarding the nose and mouth

Front 410

Operculum

Back 410

Any covering

Front 411

Osmolality

Back 411

Determination of a particle's ability to attract water based on a relative number of solute particles in 1 kg of the solution

Front 412

Oscillometric

Back 412

Measurement of oscillations caused by the arterial pressure pulse

Front 413

Osteopenia

Back 413

Decrease in bone mineral density

Front 414

Osmotic pressure

Back 414

Hydrostatic pressure between two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane

Front 415

Oxygen flush valve

Back 415

Delivers oxygen to the anesthetic system at 35-75 L/min

Front 416

Ototoxicity

Back 416

Adverse effects of the structures or nerves involved in hearing or balance

Front 417

Pallor

Back 417

Lack of color, paleness

Front 418

Palliative

Back 418

To relieve or alleviate, not cure

Front 419

Pancytopenia

Back 419

Decreased number of red and white blood cells

Front 420

Palpate

Back 420

To examine the consistency of body areas by touch, using your fingers with light pressure

Front 421

Panophthalmitis

Back 421

Inflammation of the entire eye

Front 422

Panniculus

Back 422

Dense layer of fatty tissue growth

Front 423

Papule

Back 423

Red elevated area on the skin, solid and circumscribed

Front 424

Papilloma

Back 424

Benign epithelial tumor

Front 425

Paratenic host

Back 425

Animal serving as a transport for an immature parasite; no development takes place

Front 426

Paraphimosis

Back 426

Trapping of the foreskin behind the glans penis

Front 427

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Back 427

Respiration method used to hold alveoli open during expiration

Front 428

Paresis

Back 428

Partial or incomplete paralysis

Front 429

Penn-HIP

Back 429

Additional method to evaluate hip laxity and hip dysplasia when radiographs are inconclusive. The procedure uses the OFA VD view distraction and compression views. A distractor unit is used in one view, and this method required special training and certification by the veterinarian

Front 430

Paradoxical respiration

Back 430

When the affected side of a pneumothorax bulges out during expiration and caves in during inspiration

Front 431

Perfusion

Back 431

To cause flow or spread

Front 432

Percutaneous

Back 432

Internal access obtained through needle puncture of the skin

Front 433

Peristomal

Back 433

Around the mouth

Front 434

Perioperative

Back 434

Period around surgery; including immediately before, during and immediately after

Front 435

Perivascular

Back 435

Area around a vessel

Front 436

Periuria

Back 436

Urination in inappropriate locations

Front 437

Petechiae

Back 437

Small, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin or mucous membranes

Front 438

Peroxidase

Back 438

Group of enzymes often used to catalyze a reaction

Front 439

Phospholipase

Back 439

Enzyme that converts phospholipids into fatty acids

Front 440

Philtrum

Back 440

Vertical groove in the upper lip

Front 441

Phytotherapy

Back 441

Use of plants and plant extracts as medicine

Front 442

Phthisis bulbi

Back 442

Shrunken, nonfunctional eye

Front 443

Planing

Back 443

Scraping away of plaque and calculus from the surface of the tooth root

Front 444

Pica

Back 444

Abnormal craving and eating of nonedible substances (e.g. ashes, clay, crayon)

Front 445

Plasma

Back 445

Yellow-colored component of blood

Front 446

Plaque

Back 446

Sticky, colorless bacterial film on the teeth

Front 447

Pleomorphism

Back 447

Cells changing form under certain conditions to cells of another type

Front 448

Pleomorphic

Back 448

Having many shapes

Front 449

Poikilocytosis

Back 449

Variations of shape

Front 450

Pneumoperitoneum

Back 450

Accumulation of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

Front 451

Polychromatophilic

Back 451

Cell able to take on multiple stains

Front 452

Pollakiuria

Back 452

Abnormally frequent passage of urine

Front 453

Polydipsia

Back 453

Excessive thirst

Front 454

Polycythemia

Back 454

Excess of RBCs

Front 455

Polyphagia

Back 455

Excessive eating

Front 456

Polydontia

Back 456

More teeth than considered normal

Front 457

Postprandial

Back 457

After a meal

Front 458

Pop-off valve

Back 458

Allows the release of excessive pressure from the anesthetic system; the volume of gas in excess of the animal's minute consumption is vented from the system

Front 459

Prepatent period

Back 459

Period between the time of induction of parasitic organisms into the body and their appearance in the blood or tissues until they reach reproductive maturity

Front 460

Postprandial alkaline tide

Back 460

Secretion of alkaline ions by the kidney after a meal to compensate for acid ions secreted in the stomach to aid digestion, resulting in alkaline urine

Front 461

Pressure relief valve (pop-off valve)

Back 461

Allows the release of excess pressure from the anesthetic system; the volume of gas in excess of the animal's minute consumption is vented from the system

Front 462

Preprandial

Back 462

Before a meal

Front 463

Prodromal

Back 463

Initial stage of a disease; early symptoms

Front 464

Proglottid

Back 464

Segment of a tapeworm; containing both male and female reproductive organs

Front 465

Pronotal

Back 465

Before or in front of the dorsal area

Front 466

Prognathism

Back 466

The mandible is longer than the maxilla

Front 467

Proprioception

Back 467

Sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body

Front 468

Prophylactic

Back 468

Preventative treatment

Front 469

Proteoglycan

Back 469

Combination of a protein and a GAG

Front 470

Protein

Back 470

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; providing the amino acids necessary for the growth and repair of animal tissue

Front 471

Pruritus

Back 471

Severe itching

Front 472

Protozoa

Back 472

One-celled unicellular microbes with membrane-bound nuclei

Front 473

Puerperal

Back 473

concerning postpartum

Front 474

Ptyalism

Back 474

Excessive salivation

Front 475

Pulse deficits

Back 475

Difference between heart beats and pulsations at the periphery

Front 476

Pulp cavity

Back 476

Central cavity of the tooth containing blood vessels and nerves entering from the root canal

Front 477

Pyelogram

Back 477

Radiograph showing the opacification of pelvic recesses, renal pelves, and ureters

Front 478

Purulent

Back 478

Creating or containing pus

Front 479

Pyrexia

Back 479

Above normal temperature

Front 480

Pyknotic

Back 480

Thickness