Veterinary Pharmacology Urinary

Front 1

Agonist

Back 1

a drug that competes for the same receptor site as another drug or natural substance and enhances or stimulates the receptor's functional properties.

Front 2

antagonist

Back 2

a drug that competes for the same receptor site as another drug or natural substance bud does not produce a physiologic effect by itself.

Front 3

atony

Back 3

the absence or lack of normal tone or strength

Front 4

catecholamine

Back 4

a group of sympathomimetic amines including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.

Front 5

detrusor

Back 5

the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder that is mainly responsible for emptying the bladder during urination.

Front 6

enuresis

Back 6

involuntary discharge of urine while sleeping.

Front 7

hematuria

Back 7

blood in the urine

Front 8

hypertension

Back 8

high blood pressue

Front 9

hypertonus

Back 9

increase tonicity or tension

Front 10

hypokalemia

Back 10

low potassium concentration in the blood

Front 11

hypotonos

Back 11

decreased tonicity or tension

Front 12

lower motor neurons

Back 12

peripheral neurons whose cell bodies lie in the central gray columns of the spinal cord and whose terminations are in skeletal muscles. A sufficient number of lesions of lower motor neurons causes muscles supplied by the nerve to atrophy resulting in weak reflexes and flaccid paralysis.

Front 13

Micturition

Back 13

urination

Front 14

nocturia

Back 14

excessive urination at night

Front 15

polydipsia

Back 15

excessive thirst

Front 16

polyuria

Back 16

excessive urination

Front 17

upper motor neurons

Back 17

neurons in the cerebral cortex that conduct impulses from the motor cortex to the motor nuclei of the crebral nerves or to the ventral gray columns of the spinal column. A sufficient number of lesions of the upper motor neurons interrupts the inhibitory effect that upper motor neurons have on lower motor neurons resulting in exaggerate or hyperactive reflexes.

Front 18

uremia

Back 18

abnormally high concentrations of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid breakdown in the blood.

Front 19

urinary incontinence

Back 19

lack of voluntary control over the normal excretion of urine.

Front 20

urinary tract infection

Back 20

infection of the urinary tract.

Front 21

What structures constitue the urinary system?

Back 21

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Front 22

Name two drugs contraindicted in uremic patients.

Back 22

xylazine and ketamine

Front 23

Renal damage may be categorized as?

Back 23

prerenal
renal
post renal

Front 24

Explain how diuretic work.

Back 24

by removine excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion and decreasing hypertension.

Front 25

What supplement may be administered in conjuction with loop diurectics

Back 25

potassium

Front 26

ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to

Back 26

angiotensin II

Front 27

Urinary acidifiers are used to produce acid urine, which assists in dissolving and preventing the formation of ____________ uroliths.

Back 27

struvite (Ammonium phosphate hexahydrate)

Front 28

The renal cortex produces __________, and thus chronic renal failure can cause an absolute _________ in its production.

Back 28

erythropoieten, decrease

Front 29

Why is furosemide referred to as a loop diuretic?

Back 29

Loop diuretics inhibit tubular reabsorbtion of Na+, in the loop of Henle.

Front 30

Where is ADH secreted?

Back 30

posterior pituitary gland