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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a parasite?
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An association between 2 organisms
Organisms are of different species The “parasite” lives in/on the host They may cause harm |
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What is parasitism?
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Symbiotic relationship between two different species of organisms
parasite is metabolically dependent on host, at the expense of the host |
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What is a parasitologist?
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a person who exams parasites
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What is a facultative parasite?
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An organism that is capable of living either a free or parasitic existence
ex) Strongylogyloides species (threadworm)--> only the female is parasitic in the host (zoonotic species) ex) House fly maggots |
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What are endoparasites?
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a parasite that lives mainly "inside" teh body of the definitive host
ex) hookworm ex) heartworm |
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What is an ecotoparasite?
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A parasite that lives on the "outside of the body of the host
ex) fleas, ticks, lice, kissing bug |
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What is a Helminths?
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Worms
1) Flatworms (tapeworms, flukes) 2) Roundworms or Nematodes (Ascarids, Hookworms, Whipworms, Pinworms) |
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What is a Protozoan?
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Single celled organism
ex) amoebae ex) Giardia |
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What are arthropods?
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Organisms with exoskeletons (made of chitin) and jointed appendages
ex) arachnids, insects, mites |
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What is a pseudoparasite?
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An object ((ex) pollen, air bubble, plant fiber) or non-parasitic organism ((ex) free-living soil mite) that is mistaken or a true parasite (or parasitic stage)
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What is a host?
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Living organism in or on which a parasite develops and/ or reproduces
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What is a definitive host?
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An obligatory host in which a parasite develops sexual maturity
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What is an intermediate host?
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An obligatory host in the life cycle of a parasite in which immature or asexual stages undergo essential development and/ or proliferation before transmission to the definitive host
ex) mosquito |
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What is a mechanical vector?
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a nonessential host which passively carries infective parasite stages on its body; source of parasite contamination
ex) boot, syringe |
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What is a biological vector?
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Usually an arthropod
ex) face fly May be an intermediate host or a mechanical vector |
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What is a paratenic host?
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"Transport" host
a nonessental host (ex. rodents, roach) in the life cycle of a parasite capable of harboring and maintaining immature stages parasites undergo no development or proliferation within these hosts but are merely carried within the body until consumed by the proper definitive host |
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What is a reservoir host?
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A population of infected hosts which serve as a potential source of infection for other species of susceptible domestic animals or human
ex) wild (feral) animals ex) rats, water buffelo |
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Life Cycles: What is the infective stage?
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developmental stage of the parasite capable of initiating a new infection within another host
ex) eggs, larvae |
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Life Cycles: What is a direct life cycle?
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Transmission of parasitic infection from one host animal to another without the requirement of an intermediate host; one-host life cycle
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Life Cycles: What is an indirect life cycle?
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Transmission of parasitic infection from one host animal to another through one or more essential intermediate hosts, multi-host life cycle
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Life Cycles: What is a pre-patent period?
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The time between ingestion and invasion of infective stages of a helminth (worm) parasite in its definitive host until eggs or larvae are first produced
ex) The time between ingestion of infective L3 nematode larvae until the appearance of eggs in the feces |
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Life Cycles: What is the patent period?
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The life-span of the adult parasite in the host
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What are the 3 characteristics of arthropods?
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1) external skeleton (chitin)
2) Segmented Appendages ("Jointed Foot" 3) Body segmentation with three pairs of legs |
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1) Arachnids have how many antennae?
2) Arachnids had how many body segments? 3) Arachnids have how many legs? 4) Arachnids have how many wings? |
1) none
2) 2 3) 8 4) wingless |
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1) Insects have how many antennae?
2) Insects had how many body segments? 3) Insects have how many legs? 4) Insects have how many wings? |
1) single-pair
2) 3 3) 6 4) often found |
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What are the life stages of simple metamorphosis?
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Egg> Nymph > Adult
-Nymphal stage resembles the adult. -Nymphs are smaller and do not posses wings. -Nymphs are not sexually mature, they can not reproduce ex) Cockroach |
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What are the life stages of complex metamorphosis?
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Egg> Larva> Pupa> Adult
- Each of these developmental stages bears no resemblance to the adult - The larva is worm-like (maggot) - The pupal stage is a resting stage (may have a cocoon) - The adult emerges from the pupa ex) House fly, butterfly |
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What is a "modified" complex metamorphosis?
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-Female fly retains larvae in her body
-Female lays on the host instead of on the eggs |
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What are the 2 characteristics of all flies?
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1) one pair of wings (organs of balance)
2) complex or "modified" complex metamorphosis |
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What are the 3 general characteristics of Nematocera from the suborder Diptera?
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1) Filamentous antennae
2) Free-living larvae 3) Importance: annoyance, intermediate hosts, vectors |
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What are the 3 general characteristics of Brachycera from the suborder Diptera?
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1) 3-segmented antennae
2) Free-living larvae 3) Importance: Blood loss |
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What are the 3 general characteristics of Cyclorrhapha from the suborder Diptera?
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1) Aristate antennae
2) Free-living or parasitic larvae (myiasis) 3) Importance: vectors, economic loss |
