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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Hematology
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Study of Blood
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3 Characteristics we study in Hematology
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Morphology: structure, shape, Size
Physiology: Function Pathology: Changes |
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Formed Elements in Blood
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WBC
RBC Plt |
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4 Reasons to examine blood
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Screening to assess genl health
Assess ability to fight infection Adjunct to pt evaluation & Dx Evaluate progress of disease/condition |
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Types of WBC
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Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, Monocytes
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils |
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6 Functions of WBC
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Control Inflammation
Control Bact. infections Provide Immunity Help clot blood help destroy blood clots help prevent unwanted clots |
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Neutrophils
Neuts Segs |
Lifespan: 12 hrs
Granules lyse bacteria 1st line of defense Phagocytes Pinocytes Hold bact toxins released during lysis Excrete toxins thru lungs, intest., kidneys, lymph nodes |
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Eosinophils
Eos |
Pink cytoplasm
Release antihistamine Lifespan 8-15 days Found in tissue Engulf & detox bacteria, Antigens, Antibodies, Fungi, adult worms Control inflammation Break down clots |
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Basophils
Basos |
Blue cytoplasm
Rare in dogs & cats Release histamine/heparin Induce inflammation Prevent blood clots |
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Monocytes
Monos |
Largest WBC
Ground glass cytoplasm Bean or "C" shaped nucleus Unknown lifespan Best Phagocytes-Bact & Virus Provide Immunity-garbage collectors, scavenger Pinocytes: liquid from inflammation Coagulation & Fibrinolysis |
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Lymphocytes
Lymphs |
3 sizes
Round nucleus T cells (long lived) attach & destroy antigens B cells (few hrs-4 days) produce AB Both produce memory cells |
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Red Blood Cells
RBC Erythrocytes |
Bi-Concave w/central pallor
Lifespan: 110 days for dog & 68 days for cat Transport Oxygen via hemoglobin |
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Platelet
Plt Thrombocyte |
Small, pale blue, irregular shapes
Clotting Preserve capillary walls Transport substances for clotting, constriction, & dilation |
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Blood draw vessel for Dog
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Jugular
Cephalic Saphenous |
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Blood draw vessel for cat
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Jugular
cephalic femoral |
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Blood draw vessel for horse
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jugular
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Blood draw vessel for cow
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tail vein
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Blood draw vessel for bird
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jugular, ulnar vein, medial metatarsal
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Reasons for Neutrophilia
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Muscle activity
Emotional Stimuli Bacterial infection Leukemia |
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Reasons for Neutropenia
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Viral infection
Severe Bact infection Nutritional deficiency |
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Reasons for Eosinophilia
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Parasitism
Allergies Skin problems |
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Reasons for Eosinopenia
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Aftermath of acute bact infection
Viral inflammation steroids |
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Reasons for Basophilia
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Hyperthyroidism
Heartworm Allergies Respiratory conditions |
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Reasons for Basopenia
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Rare
Hormones |
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Reasons for Monocytosis
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Inflammatory disease
Infections of unknown origin Rheumatoid arthritis Obstruction |
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Reasons for Lymphocytosis
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Adrenalin
Cancer |
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Reasons for Lymphoctytopenia
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Chronic infection
Acute viral infection Radiation Drugs and chemotherapy |
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Reasons for Thrombocytosis
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Physiologic injury
Secondary to steroid use or post-splenectomy |
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Reasons for Thromboctytopenia
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Hormone treatment
Disorders of plt distribution Vitamin B12 injection |
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Reasons for Polycythemia
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Relative to decreased plasma (dehydration)
Abnormal RBC production |
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Reasons for anemia
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Blood loss/hemorrhage
Blood sucking parasite RBC dist from various diseases ie AIHA |
