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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
endocrine system
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involves the secretion of hormones.
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hormones
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chemicals in the body that control bodily functions.
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exocrine
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secretion of chemicals outside the body.
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pituitary gland (hypophysis)
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a ventral protrusion of the brain, controls other endocrine glands. Has two parts, anterior and posterior pituitaries.
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anterior pituitary
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synthesizes the hormones it excretes and secretes hormones that act directly on tissues to produce their effects.
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posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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an outgrowth of nervous tissue from the hypothalmus in the brain. two hormomes are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. anitdiuretic hormone and oxticyn.
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or Vassopressin
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acts to improve water uptake in the renal collecting duct by increasing its permeability to water.
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oxytocyn
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stimulates milk production and is important in stimulating contractions in the uterus during labor.
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
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stimulates thyroid gland growth and secretion
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adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
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stimulates adrenal glands to produce various hormones
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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involved in the development and function of the reproductive glands
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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involved in the development and function of the reproductive glands
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growth hormone (GH)
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helps person or animal develop maturely
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prolactin
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stimulates development and secretion of the mammary glands
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melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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stimulates production of melanin by special cells called melanocytes in the skin.
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thyroid glands
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two small glands in the neck that secrete thyroid hormone and calcitonin
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calcitonin
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helps regulate blood calcium levels
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thyroid hormone
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controls cell metabolism and stimulates nervous tissue growth, production of proteins and blood glucose levels.
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thyroxin
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molecule known as T4 contains four iodine molecules
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triiodothyronine
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T3 incorporates three iodine molecules
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parathyroid glands
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pair of very small glands that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathormone
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parathormone
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causes blood calcium level to rise.
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adrenal gland
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small oval shaped flattened gland. has two sections, adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
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adrenal cortex
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the outer layer of tissue in the adrenal gland and secretes mineralocorticoids, aldosterone, glucorticoids, androgen and estrogen.
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adrenal medulla
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the inner core of tissue in the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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islets of langerhans
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clumps of cells scattered among the exocrine pancreatic cells.
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insulin
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enables cells especially liver muscle and fat cells to take glucose from the blood to be used to generate energy for cellular functions.
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glucagon
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opposes many effects of insulin by decreasing uptake of glucose by cells.
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somatostatin
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hormone secreted by the pancreas that inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon.
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hyperglycemia
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lack of insulin leading to excessive glucose levels in the blood
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diabetes mellitus
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deficiency of insulin secretion.
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androgens
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group of hormones involved with the development of male secondary sex charactaristics.
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estrogens
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function to prepare the female for breeding.
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Progestin (progesterone)
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involved in preparing the uterus for pregnancy.
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prostaglandins
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hormone like compounds that are organized into nine groups letters A-I. and act within the area they are produced.
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erythropoietin
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produced by the cells in the kidneys and released in response to tissue hypoxia and stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
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gastrin
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produced by stomach cells and stimulates the production of digestive enzymes in the stomach.
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secretin
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produced by the small intestine and stimulates the gall bladder contraction and release of other digestive enzymes.
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cholecystokinin (CCK)
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produced by the small intestine and stimulates the gall bladder contraction and release of other digestive enzymes.
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placenta
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encloses the fetus during pregnancy and forms the interface between the fetal and maternal circulations.
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chorionic gonadotrophin
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funcions in maintenance of pregnancy and is secreted by the placenta.
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thymus gland
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secretes hormones thyomosin and thymopoitin which act to stimulate development of T-lymphocytes and strengthen the immune system.
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pineal body
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secretes melatonin.
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melatonin
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appears to play a role in regulation of sleep and wakefullness. may be related to amount of sunlight in the environment.
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