Vet Tech A&p

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Deals with form and structure of the body and it's parts. What things look like and where they are located.

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Deals with functions of the body and it's parts. How things work and what they do.

Front 3

Osmosis

Back 3

Passive movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from dilute solution to more concetrated one.

Front 4

Osmotic Pressure

Back 4

The force of water moving from one side of the membrane to the other.

Front 5

Macroscopic Anatomy

Back 5

Also called gross anatomy. Deals with body parts large enough to be seen with the unaided eye.

Front 6

Microscopic Anatomy

Back 6

Deals with structures so small we need a microscope to see them clearly.

Front 7

Homeostasis

Back 7

Maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body.

Front 8

Phagocytosis

Back 8

When a cell engulfs solid material, also called cell eating.

Front 9

Mutagen

Back 9

An sudden and irreversible genetic change that causes a difference between offspring and their parents.

Front 10

Mesentery

Back 10

A form of connective tissue.

Front 11

Endocytosis

Back 11

The taking in of a material from the outside of the cell by creating a 'mout' with the plasma membrane. The membrane engulfs the material and pinches off at the end to form a vesicle.

Front 12

Exocytosis

Back 12

The passage of materials too large to diffuse through the cell membrane by packaging them in vesicles, transporting them to the cell membrane, and then pressing them out of the cell.

Front 13

Differentiation

Back 13

The progressive acquisition of individual charcteristics by cells to enable them to perform different functions.

Front 14

Golgi Apparatus

Back 14

an organelle located near the nucleus that is shaped like sacs that are stacked and flattened at the ends. Involved in the synthesis of glycoprotein's, lipoproteins and enzymes.

Front 15

Ribosomes

Back 15

an organelle composed of ribonucleic acid; located on the rough ER or suspended in the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place

Front 16

Mitochondria

Back 16

intracellular organelles, which are the primary sources of ATP formation for aerobic cell respiration.

Front 17

Centrioles

Back 17

a tubular organelle composed of 9 triplets of cell division

Front 18

Cytoplasm

Back 18

the part of the cells protoplasm that is located outside of the nucelar envelope

Front 19

What is cytoplasm composed of?

Back 19

composed of protein, electrolytes, metabolites, cytoskeleton and organelles

Front 20

What are the three layers of Dermis tissue?

Back 20

Papillary layer, the reticular layer and the hypodermis.

Front 21

What are the 4 major types of tissues?

Back 21

Nervous, connective, muscle, epithelial

Front 22

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Back 22

Covers and lines

Front 23

What is the function of connective tissue?

Back 23

Provides support

Front 24

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Back 24

Enables movement

Front 25

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Back 25

Controls work

Front 26

Wandering Cells

Back 26

move in and out of connective tissue as necessary.

Front 27

What is a leukocyte?

Back 27

White blood cell

Front 28

What is a mast cell?

Back 28

oval cell, easily identified

Front 29

What is a macrophage?

Back 29

massive, irregularly shaped, scavengers

Front 30

Function of leukocytes.

Back 30

Moves into connective tissue in large numbers during times of infection, part of the immune system. Responsible for engulfing and digesting invading microbes. Also defend against infection by manufacturing antibodies.

Front 31

Function of mast cells.

Back 31

Guard against foreign bodies. They contain histamine and heparin which are used in the inflammatory response.

Front 32

Function of macrophages.

Back 32

Engulf dead cells, microbes, and debris.

Front 33

Erythrocyte

Back 33

Red blood cell, RBC

Front 34

Function of erythrocytes.

Back 34

carry oxygen to all the tissues of the body

Front 35

Goblet Cell

Back 35

located in the repiratory and intestinal tracts, secrete mucus

Front 36

Function of goblet cells.

Back 36

manufacture and store lubricating mucus

Front 37

Acids

Back 37

ionically bonded substances, when added to water - release hydrogen ions

Front 38

Bases

Back 38

alkaline compounds that are ionically bonded, when added to water - release hydroxyl ion

Front 39

pH scale

Back 39

measures acidity ad alkalinity, ranges from 1 - 14, 1 most acidic, 14 most alkaline, 7 neutral

Front 40

Medulla

Back 40

innermost layer and central core of hair

Front 41

What are the three types of hair?

Back 41

primary, secondary, and tactile

Front 42

Primary Hairs

Back 42

the large, straight hairs predominant in complex hair follicles

Front 43

Secondary Hairs

Back 43

smaller, yet most numerous hairs in an animals under coat - also known as wool-type hair

Front 44

Tactile Hair

Back 44

hairs that are sensitive to touch - used as probe and feelers

Front 45

What are the three types of muscles?

Back 45

Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

Front 46

Smooth Muscle

Back 46

nonstriated, involuntary, has only one nucleus, found in soft internal organs

Front 47

Skeletal Muscle

Back 47

multinucleated, striated, voluntary muscle, enables conscious movement

Front 48

Cardiac Muscle

Back 48

striated, involuntary muscle, only found in the heart

Front 49

Cartilage

Back 49

opaque, dense connective tissue, absorbs shock

Front 50

What are the three types of cartilage?

Back 50

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Front 51

Hyaline Cartilage functions.

Back 51

most common type, found in the costal cartilage, trachea and embryonic skeleton

Front 52

Elastic Cartilage functions.

Back 52

Also called yellow cartilage, more opaque than hyaline, found in the ear and in the epiglottis

Front 53

Fibrocartilage functions.

Back 53

found between the vertebrae of the spine, has an excellent ability to resist compression

Front 54

Keratocytes

Back 54

cells that synthesize keratin

Front 55

Mitosis

Back 55

cell division of somatic cells for growth and to replace old or dead cells - not in reproductive cells

Front 56

Cutaneous Pouches

Back 56

Found in sheep. Contain fine hais and numerous sebaceous and oil glands. The glands secrete fatty yellow substance that dries and sticks to the skin, covering it.

Front 57

Dehorning

Back 57

many domestic species are dehorned to faciltate management by the farmer.

Front 58

Hoof

Back 58

also known as the ungula, hooved animals are known as ungulates

Front 59

Bones in horse leg

Back 59

Cannon bone - metacarpal III
Fetlock - proximal sesamoid
Proximal phalanx
Middle phalanx
Pastern
Navicular Bone

Front 60

Anal Glands

Back 60

perianal sacs, containing aprocrine and sebaceous. They produce a strong smelling fluid when expresses

Front 61

Anal Glands Function.

Back 61

important in territorial marking and are expressed during fearful episodes

Front 62

Aprocrine Gland

Back 62

Mammary glands, and sweat glands
Loacted in the external ear canal

Front 63

Wound Healing - Intention

Back 63

Fist intention: little to no granulation tissue, minimal scarring
Second intention: wounds are not sututred, form granulated tissue

Front 64

Epithelial Tissue

Back 64

collection of tissues that are made up of layers of cells that line and cover the body; can be single or multi layered

Front 65

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Back 65

delicate and thin, line surfaces involved in the passage of gas and liquid. Ex: Inner lining of the lung

Front 66

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Back 66

single layer of cubical cells, occurs where secretion and absorption take place. Ex: surface of ovaries, lining of the pancreas, liver

Front 67

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Back 67

thick, more protective, line the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to te rectum

Front 68

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Back 68

various cell layers, occurs in areas that are subject ot mechanical and chemical stress. Ex: lining of the mouth

Front 69

Stratified Cubodial Epithelium

Back 69

two layers of cuboidal cells, found near excretory ducts. Ex: sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands

Front 70

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Back 70

rare and found in selective parts of the repiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems

Front 71

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Back 71

an epithelial layer that is not truly stratified. Found mainly in the respiratory tract and in portions of the male reproductive tract

Front 72

Transitional Epithelium

Back 72

ability to stretch, found in the urinary tract, and urinary baldder

Front 73

Glands

Back 73

a cell or group of cells that have the ability to manufacture and discharge a secretion

Front 74

Endocrine Glands

Back 74

hypothalamus, Thyroid, testis, ovary, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland

Front 75

What makes hair turn grey?

Back 75

when melanin production decreases

Front 76

Mitosis

Back 76

Cell division of somatic cells for growth and to replace old or dead cells. Not in the reproductive cells.

Front 77

Diffusion

Back 77

moving down a concentration gradient, moving molecules form higher concentration to lower concetration

Front 78

Life Cycle of Cells

Back 78

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase, cytokinesis

Front 79

When is white hair formed?

Back 79

when the cortex loses its pigments entirely and te medulla fills with air