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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drugs that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
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Penicillins
Cephalosporins Bacitracin Vancomycin |
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Drugs that disrupt bacterial cell membranes
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Polymixin B
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Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis
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Tetracyclines
Chlormaphenicol Macrolides Lincosamides Aminoglycosides |
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Drugs that inhibit nucleic acid function or synthesis
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Fluoroquinolines
Rifampin Sulfonamides Nitroimidazoles |
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Different groups of penicillins
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Natural - PenG (benzyl pen)
Acid resistant (PenV) Broader spectrum (ampicillin, amoxycillin, ticarollin beta-lactamase resistant - oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacilin Plus clavulonic acid - clavulox (+amoxicillin = augmentin) |
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What is a beta-lactam drug that is not a penicillin?
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Carbapenum group - drug is imipenem
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What is the spectrum of the penicillins?
- PenG - amoxicillin - clavulox - imipenem |
Varies depending on substitutions to basic structure and whether combined with clavulonic acid.
Pen G- better against G+, no action action B-lactamase bugs Amoxicilin - OK against G+ & G- but not B-lactamase Clavulox - good against all G+. Good against G- but not G- beta-lactamse producers Imipenem - effective broad spectrum but v-expensive |
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Draw spectrum of Pen G
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Pen G spectrum
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Draw spectrum of amoxicillin
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Amoxicillin spectrum
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Draw spectrum of clavulox
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Clavulox spectrum
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Draw spectrum for imipenem
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Imipenem spectrum
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Why is clavulonic acid more effective against G+ beta-lactamase producers than G- beta-lactamase producers?
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G+ secrete beta-lactamase wherease G- retained beta-lactamase in outer membrane
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Contraindications for penicillins
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Kills guinea pigs (& hamsters, gerbils, rabbits)
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Common adverse effects for penicillins
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Allergic reactions
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Great use of penicillins and why?
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Urinary tract infections because most penicillins are actively transported by the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and thus secreted into the urinary filtrate
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Penicillin penetration of different body compartments
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Poor dt weak charge (don't cross lipid membranes well - thus don't enter CSF, eye, prostate
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Caution of using penicillins with horses
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Procaine salts of PenG are linked to CNS excitement and collapse (prob dt procaine)
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