Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
215 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Miniature
|
no more than 8.2 hands (34 inches)
|
|
|
Pony
|
10-14.2 hands
|
|
|
Light breed
|
14.2-17.2 hands
|
|
|
Draft breed
|
more than 17 hands (to 19.2 hands)
|
|
|
Hand
|
4 inches, height is measured from ground to withers
|
|
|
Cold-blooded
|
draft
|
|
|
Hot-blooded
|
riding breeds (light breeds)
|
|
|
Warmblood
|
cold and hot (crosses between light and draft breeds)
|
|
|
American Quarter horse (hot breed)
|
most popular in world, solid body, large jaw, straight forehead (breed used for bursts of speed)
|
|
|
American paint
|
white on body (hot) (horse with large spots)
|
|
|
Arabian
|
(hot breed) endurance(large chest, big feet, gliding gait), concave forehead, broad head, smaller muzzle, carry tail high, big feet, short back (fewer vertebra) (dish-faced breed)
|
|
|
Appaloosa
|
(hot breed) from Spanish horses, nespierce Indians (small spotted blanket breed)
|
|
|
Morgan
|
(hot breed) small, can do it all (small riding and pulling breed)
|
|
|
Saddlebred
|
(hot breed) MO famous for, preferred horse of calvary (pacer with slight build)
|
|
|
American standardbred
|
(hot breed) funny movement, usually not ridden, used for sulky races, R front w/ R hind, L front w/ L hind (harness racers, trotters)
|
|
|
Tennessee walking horse
|
(hot breed) all colors, good gait, gentle, breed for plantation owners (large ambling breed from Tennessee)
|
|
|
Thoroughbred
|
(hot breed) preferred horse of calvary, fastest light breed (breed used in distance races)
|
|
|
Missouri fox trotter
|
(hot breed) MO famous for, lack shoulder muscle, small jaw, gentle gait (small ambling gait breed from Missouri)
|
|
|
Mule
|
cross between a jack (male donkey) & a mare (female horse) (longer ears)
|
|
|
Henny
|
cross between a stallion (male horse) & a jenny (female donkey) (shorter ears)
|
|
|
Bay
|
dark brown w/ black points
|
|
|
Palomino
|
sorrel and white, golden body w/ white mane (golden-tan color with whitish mane and tail)
|
|
|
Chestnut (sorrel)
|
light red, most common in quarter horse, tolerate heat well (sorrel = light red, copper color), (chestnut = light reddish-brown color)
|
|
|
Dun
|
brown with black mane and tail, and black line down back (brownish gray or grayish brown color)
|
|
|
Buckskin
|
lighter color body w/ dark points (grayish-yellow color)
|
|
|
Roan
|
white hairs mixed with another color hair (white or gray hairs sprinkled among darker color)
|
|
|
Grullo
|
mouse color, black mane, tail, stripes (mouse colored dun)
|
|
|
Stallion
|
male horse
|
|
|
Gelding
|
neutered male horse
|
|
|
Mare
|
female horse
|
|
|
Jack
|
male donkey
|
|
|
Jenny
|
female donkey
|
|
|
John
|
male mule
|
|
|
Molly
|
female mule
|
|
|
Foaling
|
birthing horse
|
|
|
Foal
|
up to about 6 months (young horse or mule)
|
|
|
Weanling
|
6 months to 1 year (between weaning and 1 year of age)
|
|
|
Yearling
|
1 year old (between 1 and 2 years of age)
|
|
|
Colt
|
young male horse until puberty (young male horse, under 3 years)
|
|
|
Filly
|
young female horse
|
|
|
Herd
|
collection of horses (in the wild a “band”)
|
|
|
Barren
|
collection of mules
|
|
|
Stable
|
housing horse
|
|
|
Equinophobia
|
fear of horses
|
|
|
English
|
roman (relatively flat saddle and guiding with both hands)
|
|
|
Western (describe saddle and guiding with reins)
|
Spanish-livestock (stock saddle with horn and guiding with one hand)
|
|
|
Walk
|
4 beats (4 beat gait, slowest)
|
|
|
Trot
|
2 beats, opposite legs paired (2 beat, diagonal feet hit the ground at same time)
|
|
|
Canter (English) or lope (western)
|
3 beats, leads (3 beat skipping gait)
|
|
|
Gallop
|
4 beats, faster than lope/canter, all four feet off the ground at 1 point (four beat gait with all feet off ground in between)
|
|
|
Pace(pacing)
|
same side leg paired (front and rear feet on same side hit ground)
|
|
|
Ambling gait
|
diagonal 4 beat gait with front foot landing first
|
|
|
Annular ligament syndrome
|
thickening of the back of the fetlock
|
|
|
Bars of the mouth (between _ & _ teeth)
|
gap between incisors and molar teeth
|
|
|
Bars of the hoof
|
V shaped support ridges on bottom of hoof
|
|
|
Bishoping
|
altering the teeth to mask age
|
|
|
Bit
|
bridle’s metal bar or chain that goes in the mouth
|
|
|
Blister
|
a strong liniment to rub on legs
|
|
|
Bog spavin
|
compressible swelling of the hock (joint fluid)
|
|
|
Bone spavin
|
hard (bony) protrusion at front or inside of hock (swelling hard excess bone)
|
|
|
Bolt
|
to suddenly run without control
|
|
|
Bots
|
fly that lays eggs on legs (front), larvae live in the horses stomach
|
|
|
Bowed tendon
|
thickening of the back of the leg above the fetlock
|
|
|
Box stall
|
square stall to hold one horse
|
|
|
Bridle
|
head collar for riding, consists of headstall, bit, reins
|
|
|
Cannon bone
|
large bone above the fetlock
|
|
|
Capped hock
|
thickening at point of hock
|
|
|
Cast
|
downed horse is wedged against a wall and unable to rise
|
|
|
Check ligament
|
fibrous band to digital flexor tendon that aids in supporting leg when standing
|
|
|
Chestnut (not the color)
|
small callus on inside of each of the four legs
|
|
|
Clinch cutter
|
tool to remove horse nail clinch
|
|
|
Coffin bone
|
last bone of the leg, enclosed in hoof
|
|
|
Coggins
|
blood test for EIA (Equine Infectious Anemia) (no treatment)
|
|
|
Colic
|
abdominal pain that can lead to shock and death (#1 killer of horses)
|
|
|
Coronet
|
area where haired skin meets hoof
|
|
|
Cracks
|
hoof cracks: toe, quarter, or heel
|
|
|
Cradle
|
neck restraint to prevent chewing wounds
|
|
|
Crib
|
grabbing an object with teeth and pulling
|
|
|
Cross tie
|
typing a horse’s head to points on each side
|
|
|
Croup
|
top part of rump
|
|
|
Cups
|
indentations in occlusal surface of young teeth
|
|
|
Dental stars
|
yellow/dark circles near occlusal surface center
|
|
|
Dressage
|
European training of precise horseback maneuvers
|
|
|
Equine Infectious Anemia
|
EIA
|
|
|
Face markings
|
white on face: blaze (strip), star (forehead), stripe (thin strip), snip (nose), bald (almost all white)
|
|
|
Far-side
|
right side
|
|
|
Farrier
|
horse shoer (iron = Fe)
|
|
|
Fetlock
|
joint between cannon bone and pastern
|
|
|
Fleshman
|
stretching neck and curling upper lip, concentrate smell on nose
|
|
|
Floating
|
filing off sharp tooth edges (outside of upper teeth, inside of lower teeth)(once a year)
|
|
|
Foal heat
|
estrus 7-12 days after foaling
|
|
|
Founder
|
laminitis and rotation of the coffin bone
|
|
|
Fox trot
|
4 beat gait, diagonal feet land almost at the same time
|
|
|
Frog
|
heel portion of the bottom of the hoof
|
|
|
Galvayne’s groove
|
groove on 3rd upper incisor that appears at 10 years and is gone at 30 years of age
|
|
|
Gaskin
|
area between stifle and hock joints
|
|
|
Guttural pouch
|
pocket formed by part of the auditory tube
|
|
|
Hand
|
unit of height measurement (4 inches)
|
|
|
Halter
|
head collar for restraint
|
|
|
Hoof pick
|
instrument to clean sole, bars, and frog
|
|
|
Hoof tester
|
blunt pliers to check for sensitive areas on hoof
|
|
|
Heaves
|
chronic asthma-like disease (notice the “heave line”, thickened chest muscle on lower aspect of chest due to difficulty in breathing)
|
|
|
Hock
|
hindleg joint analogous to human ankle and heel
|
|
|
knee
|
carpus, analogous to human wrist
|
|
|
Laminitis (L where is it located?)
|
inflammation of the inner wall of the hoof (head heavy so shift weight back)
|
|
|
Lather
|
foamy sweat
|
|
|
directing the horse around you in a circle on a long lead line (watch the spelling)
|
Lungeing
|
|
|
Monkey mouth (_ mandible)
|
lower incisors protrude beyond upper incisors (protruding mandible)
|
|
|
Parrot mouth (_ mandible)
|
upper incisors protrude beyond lower incisors (recessed mandible)
|
|
|
Navicular bone
|
small boat-shaped bone in back of coffin joint
|
|
|
Near-side
|
left side
|
|
|
Nippers
|
hoof trimming cutters (flat front)
|
|
|
Osselets
|
soft swelling on the front of the fetlock
|
|
|
Paddock
|
small fenced area (corral, pen)
|
|
|
pastern
|
distal leg between fetlock and hoof
|
|
|
Periople
|
moisture-proof coating for hoof (produced at cornet)
|
|
|
Pinchers
|
farrier’s pliers to remove horse shoes (round front)
|
|
|
poll
|
back top part of head
|
|
|
Quidding
|
dropping food from the mouth while eating
|
|
|
Quittor
|
infection along coronet
|
|
|
Rack
|
accelerated flashy 4 beat lateral gait (walk)
|
|
|
Rasp
|
file to smooth hoof and round edges
|
|
|
Ringbone
|
bony swelling on pastern bone (high or low)
|
|
|
Scratches
|
scabs from bacterial infection of fetlock
|
|
|
Settle
|
to become pregnant
|
|
|
Shod
|
wearing horse shoes
|
|
|
Sidebone
|
calcification of the collateral cartilages
|
|
|
Smooth mouth
|
all cups have worn off teeth (11 years)
|
|
|
Socks (below _)
|
white on legs below knees or hocks
|
|
|
Splints
|
inflammation of ligament between splint and cannon bones
|
|
|
Stay apparatus
|
muscles, ligaments, tendons used to stand at rest with minimal effort (front feet)
|
|
|
Stifle
|
knee joint of hind leg
|
|
|
Stock
|
narrow stall for restraining a horse
|
|
|
Strangles
|
contagious Streptococcal infection of young horses
|
|
|
Strike
|
to slap with front leg
|
|
|
Sweeney
|
injury on shoulder also from pull collars (wasting away of shoulder muscles from nerve injury)
|
|
|
Tack
|
equipment for riding or driving
|
|
|
Tease
|
detecting heat (estrus) with a stallion
|
|
|
Thoroughpin
|
swelling of tendon sheath above the hock
|
|
|
Twitch
|
restraint tool that pinches the upper lip
|
|
|
Waxing
|
dried colostrum on nipples just before foaling
|
|
|
Windpuff (windgall in UK)
|
compressible swelling on sides of the fetlock
|
|
|
Withers
|
highest point of shoulders before neck begins
|
|
|
Wolf tooth
|
1st upper premolar
|
|
|
Mischief or colony
|
collective mice, rats
|
|
|
Horde
|
collective hamsters, gerbils
|
|
|
Warren or colony
|
collective rabbits
|
|
|
Kit
|
young ferret, chinchilla
|
|
|
Kindling
|
birthing rabbits
|
|
|
Anogenital distance
|
distance used to determine sex in some species (female have shorter distance between anus and _)
|
|
|
Antivivisectionist
|
person opposed to surgery on live animals
|
|
|
Axenic
|
germ free (free of a specific germ)
|
|
|
Barbering
|
dominant animals bites or chews fur of others
|
|
|
Biohazard
|
substance dangerous to life
|
|
|
Cannibalism
|
devouring the same species
|
|
|
Cheek pouch
|
space in mouth of hamsters for food and bedding
|
|
|
Dusting
|
method used by chinchillas to clean themselves
|
|
|
Estivate
|
rest during summer
|
|
|
Exsanguination
|
removal of blood from the body (death)
|
|
|
Fur-slip
|
shedding hair in patches from handling chinchillas
|
|
|
Genotype
|
genetic makeup for a particular trait
|
|
|
Gnotobiotic
|
germ free animals exposed to nonpathogenic germs
|
|
|
Heterozygous
|
2 different genes for a particular trait
|
|
|
Homozygous
|
2 identical genes for the same trait
|
|
|
Hibernate
|
rest during winter
|
|
|
Hooded
|
rats with white coat and black head and shoulders
|
|
|
Horizontal transmission
|
disease transmission from one animal to another
|
|
|
Vertical transmission
|
disease transmission from mother
|
|
|
Hystricomorph
|
guinea pigs, chinchillas
|
|
|
In situ
|
at normal site in body (transplant)
|
|
|
In vitro
|
in a laboratory
|
|
|
In vivo
|
in animal’s body
|
|
|
Latent infection
|
infection that appears during stress (herpes)
|
|
|
Monogamous
|
pairs with only 1 mate
|
|
|
Phenotype
|
physical characteristics
|
|
|
Pithing
|
destroying part of the brain w/ a blunt needle
|
|
|
Polygamous
|
pairs with multiple mates
|
|
|
Polytocous
|
giving birth to litters
|
|
|
Progenitor
|
parent or ancestor
|
|
|
Protocol
|
written procedure for carrying out experiments
|
|
|
Ringtail
|
ring-like sores on tail of rats caused by low humidity
|
|
|
Rodent
|
small gnawing animals with single pair of incisors
|
|
|
Sable
|
cream undercoat with black on feet, tail, mask
|
|
|
Scurvy
|
vitamin C deficiency (diet source required of primates and guinea pigs)
|
|
|
housing (small rodents)
|
Shoebox cage
|
|
|
Transgenic
|
transfer of specific genes between animals
|
|
|
Myomorph
|
mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster
|
|
|
Hamster
|
desert Seria, has flank scent glands and cheek pouches
|
|
|
Gerbil (another name:_)
|
middle east dessert, low water need, hairy tail, also called a jird, male has belly scent gland
|
|
|
Mouse
|
all over, wild mice carry viruses, males can’t live together, most common small house and laboratory rodents
|
|
|
Rat
|
Norway, hooded – just brown head, black, brown Norway, white (albino) Norway breeds
|
|
|
Guinea pig (another name: _)
|
south America, food source for inkaus, also called a cavy and requires vitamin C in diet
|
|
|
Chinchilla
|
mountain, South America, hold by tail and neck, very dense hair coat, soft hair, males do not have scrotum
|
|
|
Ferret (black footed from = , pets from = )
|
black footed = North America, pets = European, hunting rodents, related to skunks, run wiring in airplanes, related to weasels and mink, have odor glands
|
|
|
Rabbits
|
burrow for sleeping, have 2 pair of gnawing incisors, burrows
|
|
|
Hare
|
bigger ears and eyes, don’t burrow to sleep, , does not burrow, longer ears than rabbits
|
|
|
Cecotroph
|
“night feces” in rabbits, eaten from anus
|
|
|
Snuffles
|
upper respiratory infection of rabbits with Pasteurella bacteria
|
|
|
Musophobia
|
fear of mice
|
|
|
Lagomorph
|
rabbit, hare
|
|
|
Knockout
|
having a specific gene removed to create an anomaly
|
|
|
Boar
|
male guinea pig
|
|
|
Sow
|
female guinea pig
|
|
|
Dysbiosis
|
altered intestinal bacteria from antibiotic use
|
|
|
Harderian gland
|
gland behind eye in rats that causes red tears during stress
|
|
|
Sipper bottle
|
water bottle that is turned upside down with a tube to drink from
|
|
|
Buck
|
male (mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster, chinchilla, rabbit)
|
|
|
Doe
|
female (mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster, chinchilla, rabbit)
|
|
|
Pup
|
young mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster
|
|
|
Bunny
|
young rabbit, hare
|
|
|
Hob
|
male ferret
|
|
|
Jill
|
female ferret
|
|
|
Business
|
collection of ferret
|
|
|
Hedgehog (ignore)
|
no use, some people get extreme skin reaction is spines punctures skin (toed hedgehog)
|
|
|
Sugar gliders(ignore)
|
Australia, should be kept in a group
|
