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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many proteins are utilized in the formation of mammalian proteins?
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20
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DNA sequences of genes dictate what?
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The amino acid sequence of proteins
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Polymers of amino acids
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Proteins
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Basic structure of an amino acid
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2HN-CRH-CO2H
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Amino acid properties are based on what?
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R (side chain) substituents
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What type of bond links the C-terminus to the N-terminus in an amino acid.
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Peptide bond
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Describe the orientation of a peptide bond in space
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planar
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True or False: A peptide bond can rotate around a 360 degree axis.
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FALSE
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What is the significance of the bonds between the peptide bond and the alpha carbons.
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They can rotate 360 degrees which allows for secondary and tertiary protein structures.
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First discovered cells by looking at cork through a microscope?
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Robert Hooke
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Describe the Basic Cell Theory
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1. Cell is basic structural and functional unit of life; all organisims are composed of cells
2. All cells are produced by pre-existing cells and genetic info is passed from cell to cell. 3. All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the cell. 4. Activities of cells depends on the activities of the sub-cellular structures of the cell |
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Name 5 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Eukaryotic
Nucleus Organelles have membranes Linear DNA Histones Capped mRNA Prokaryotic No nucleus NO Organelle membranes Circular DNA No histones Non-capped mRNA |
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Plasma membrane
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a semi-permeable lipid bi-layer that represents the interface of the interior and exterior of the cell
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Nucleus
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Found in all eukaryotic cells and contains most of the cellular genetic material
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Actin Filaments
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major component of the cytoskeleton; responsible for cellular integrity and motility.
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Microtubles
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Comprised of 2 subunits; rigid hollow rods; Function:chromosome movement during mitosis and organelle movement in the cytoplasm.
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Golgi
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series of flattened membrane organelles. Function: protein glycosylation and packaging of secretory proteins.
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Ribosomes
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comprised of RNA and protein. Function: protein synthesis
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Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
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flattened membrane organelle associated with ribosomes. Function: synthesis of secretory and integral membrane proteins
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Mitochondria
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smooth outer and folded inner membrane. Function: oxidative phosphorylation of ADP
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Channels on the cell membrane
What are their function? |
Allow substances to move in and out of the cell
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Antigens on the cell membrane
What are their function? |
cell membrane
allow the cell to be recognized my other cells |
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Proteins on the cell membrane
What are their function? |
allow cells to attach to each other
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What effect does dehydration have on the body?
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decreases plasma concentrations
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