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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood is considered what type of tissue?
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Connective tissue
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Functions of the blood?
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1/ transport system- oxygen, nutrients, wastes,hormones, platelets, and white blood cells.
2.regulatory system-regulates body temp. fluid tissue content, ph 7.4 alkaline. 3.defense system- White blood cells defense against foreign invaders, clotting. |
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Blood portions
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- liquid portion 60% plasma (93% is water, other 7% is albumin, globulin, oxygen, Co2, H2o, nitrogen, electrolytes)
-Cellular portion 40% White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. -cellular portion is 40? |
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Purpose of large proteins in blood?
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Hold blood in circulation
Problem: DIC: bleeding out of orephus if protein gets low. |
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Plasma portion is described as?
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Being mostly clear to yellow. Yellow in horses and clear in dogs. If yellow is present in dogs then there are probs. with the liver.
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Packed Cell Volume
(PCV) |
-seperated plasma, buffy coat and red blood cells
- buffy coat= white blood cells and platelets -Hematocrit tube 1st layer is plasma 2nd layer is buffy coat 3rd layer is packed red blood cells and last is the wax plug of the tube. Graph can help tell percentage of packed red blood cells, |
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What does a PCV tell?
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anemia/ less packed red cells present
-dehydration- less plasma:more blood cells and plasma is darker yellow -Heartworms-test buffy coat section - can test clotting |
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What is serum?
What is plasma? |
Serum is the clotting blood. no anticoagulant.
Plasma is when an anticoagulant (no clotting) is added to seperate the liquid portion of the blood from the red blood cells. |
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Hematopoiesis?
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- production of all blood cells
- made in red bone marrow (long bones) -stem cells (develop into any type of cell) Liver and spleen have limited ability to make bl. cells as needed. -spleen will act like a sponge and suck up red blood cells until needed again |
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Hypoxic?
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Development of red blood cells due to high altitudes.
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Red blood cells characteristics and functions?
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- erythrocytes
-does not have a nucleus when mature (except in bird, reptiles, fish and amphibian) -filled with hemoglobin -carry oxygen to all the tissues Carries H2o to lungs to body and again. |
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What affects red blood cells?
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Anemia-decreases capacity to carry oxygen in red blood cells
causes blood loss, hemorrhage, blood destruction, and reduced blood cell production -Poycythemia (rare) increase in red blood cells (cardiac failure) oxygen not getting where it is needed. Respiratory problems. Increase in red blood cells in hematocrit tube not necessarily polycethemia. -sickle cell anemia- clog up blood , heart, etc and not good for carrying h2o. |
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Platelets characteristics and purpose?
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AKA- thrombocytes
-smaller than RBCs -essential part of hemostasis form a plug when there are holes in the blood vessels. |
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White blood cells characteristics?
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aka-leukocytes
there are 5 types of leukocytes -classified by, function, nucleus, cytoplasmic granules |
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Types of white blood cells?
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Granulocytes
-neutrophils=no color in granules -eosinophils=granule color is red to orange. -basophils-granule color is blue Agranulocytes-no granules -lymphocytes -monocytes Defend against disease |
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What causes white blood cell to react to injury?
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Heat
swelling pain-sends off chemicals that attract WBCs redness |
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Neutrophil characterisics?
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-segmented nuclei=2-5 segs.
-most numerous WBC -granules do not stain -first line of defense -1st line of defense -immature cell is known as a Ban cells, phagocytotic eats bac. and debris and contains lysosomes. -pus is dead nuetrophils |
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Eosinophil characteristics?
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red granules in cytoplasm-associated with allergic and anaphylactic reactions
-can have a segmented nucleus -see during paracytic infection/ phagocytotic with allergic reactions -destroy histamine granules. and stops reaction to body seeping blood to allergy area. |
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Lymphocytes characteristics?
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-only WBC that has no phagocytic ability
-very little cytoplasm - no granules -involved with the immune system -Main cell of immune system. - makes immunoglobins to fight against disease after vaccine. works as a memory cell to fight invaders. -produce antibodies, proteins, antigens against virus. -destroy abnormal cells. T-cells- prevent (T for tumor) growths |
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Basophil characteristics?
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Blue granules in cytoplasm
-not much is known about function |
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Immune system function?
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-protect from disease or damage
-recognizes self versus nonself (antigens) - lymphocytes. -can suck and destroy RBCs cell tissue etc. |
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Naturally acquired immunity?
Artificially acquired immunity? |
Colostrum from mother
Give a modified or killed portion of disease in vaccine. *Can also be acquired through getting the disease and fighting it off. |
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Functions of the lymphatic system?
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-carries excessive fluid and blood to venous system
-enlargement- indicator of disease -internal and external lymph nodes (paired) |
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lymphosarcoma?
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cancer
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Submandibular lymph nodes positions?
Prescapular position? Popliteal position of nodes? |
Under jaw.
Top of Scapula, shoulder position, below jaw. back leg. |
