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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anatomy?
What is physiology? |
Anatomy is the structures in the body.
How the structures work. |
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What are the organ systems??
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1.Skeletal 7.muscular
2.integument 8.nervous 3.cardiovascular 9.digestive 4.respiratory 10.sensory 5.endocrine 11.urinary 6.reproductive |
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What is Dorsal?
What is Ventral? |
Dorsal refers to the back of the animal.
Ventral refers to the stomach area. |
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What is medial?
What is lateral? |
Medial is toward the inside.
Lateral is toward the outside. |
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What is distal?
What is proximal? |
Distal is further away from the center.
Proximal toward the mid line. |
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Cell structures:
Cell membrane? Cytoplasm? Nucleus? |
1.outer membrane
2.gelatinous contents with organelles 3. membrane bound DNA |
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Cell membrane characteristics?
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1.Is the outer boundary of cell
2. boundary between extracellular and intracellular compartments 3. controls passage of substances in and out of cell 4. Phospholipid bi-layer structure with proteins |
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Cell membrane functions:
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1.membranes are impermeable due to structure of phospholipid bilayer
2.certain integral proteins serve as pores to permit some passage of small molecules 3. overall membranes are selectively permeable |
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Cell nucleus functions?
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1. imp/ information bank or CEO of operations for cell
2.contains and processes genetic information 3.controls cell metabolism and protein synthesis |
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Cell cytoplasm functions?
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1. contents of the cell outside of the nucleus and inside the cell membrane
2. cytosil-media for transport of intracellular substances 3. organelles. |
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List Organelles??
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Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes golgi appartatus lysosome |
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Mitochondria characteristics?
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1.long sausage like tubes
2.dble. walled membrane 3. site of ATP production |
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Cellular respiration is?
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production of ATP molecules from glucose in a metabolic pathway.
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3 step process to cellular respiration?
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Glycolisis
krebs cycle electron transport system |
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Endoplasmic reticulum function?
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1. transport and storage of materials in the cell.
2.Synthesis of lipids , carbs. and secretory proteins. 3. system of collapsed saces through cytoplasm 4. rough er has ribosomes on outer surface, smooth er has no ribosomes. |
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ribosomes characteristics?
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1. site of protein synthesis
2. contains protein and RNA 3. can be found on ER or scattered throughout the cytoplasm |
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Golgi apparatus characteristics and functions?
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1. flattened membrane sacs
2. used to package protein and other products into vesicles for export or for storage of cytoplasm of cell |
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What is a lysosome?
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1.contains digestive enzymes
2. used to clean up debris or kill invaders. |
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Membrane processes can be?
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Passive process with no ATP
Active process which requires ATP |
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2 Passive processes are?
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Diffusion: movement of a soluble in a solution from a high to a low solute concentration
osmosis: movement of water (the solvent) from a high to a low water concentration. *if it's colder it takes longer,to diffuse |
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Active processes are?
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1. require energy ATP
2. can move materials against concentration gradient 3. Na+/K pump (potassium sodium pump) 4. endocytosis- cell engulfs substances 5. exocytosis- cell excretes substances. |
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Sodium potassium pump?
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Keeps things balanced. Sodium is 10-20 higher outside and potassium is 10-20 inside cell.
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Endocytosis?
Exocytosis? |
Means cells takes in or engulfs substances.
Means cell excretes or causes substances to exit the cell. |
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Life cycle of the cell?
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Interphase
-G1=growth -G2 Growth and DNA replication -G3 Growth and final prep. for division Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telephase Cytokinesis |
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Cell replication is?
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1. the process by which DNA is copied into a precise set of duplication from a single chain
2. takes place in the nucleus during S phase of interphase 3. followed by mitosis (division of cell) |
