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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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difference between tendon and ligament |
tendon = muscle and bone
ligament = bone and bone |
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functional difference between tendon and ligament |
tendon: 1. support (stance phase) 2. locomotion (flex/extend)
ligament: 1. support load 2. provide joint stability |
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why are tendons and ligaments important? |
they're commonly injured (especially in horses) |
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what are the implications of tendon/ligament injuries? |
1. prolonged disability 2. failure to restore normal morphology and function 3. potential for reinjury |
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describe the cellular components of tendons and ligaments |
tendon 1. dense regular fibrous CT (in same direction) 2. fewer fibrocytes (produce ECM) 3. ECM (collagen mainly type I,less GAG, organized collagen cross-linking)
ligaments 1. dense regular fibrous CT (in same direction) 2. more fibrocytes (produce ECM) 3. ECM (collagen mainly type III, more GAG, less organized collagen cross-linking)
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function of type I collagen in tendon/ligament? |
provide high tensile strength |
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tendon structure from deep to superficial |
fiber bundle > endotenon > epitenon > fascicle > paratenon |
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extrinsic vascular supply??? |
????? |
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intrinsic vascular supply |
A comprehensive network of BV runs within tendon, formerly thought to be avascular |
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the 4 tendon/ligaments on palmar surface of metacarpus/tarsus in horse |
from superficial to deep: 1. superficial digital flexor tendon 2. deep digital flexor tendon 3. inferior check ligament 4. suspensory ligament |
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what are the 2 types of tendon synovial structures? what is their function |
bursae and tendon sheaths
function: preserve gliding function (reduce friction over joints and bony protuberance |
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where would you expect to find bursae and tendon sheaths? |
bursa: over large bony protuberance and low motion of tendon over joint
sheath: over small bony protuberance and high motion of tendon over joint |
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T/F: in horses, there's NO muscle below carpus/tarsus |
True |
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responses to acute tendon/ligament injury
how about chronic injury? |
acute: 1. fiber disruption > hemorrhage, edema, fibrolysis 2. inflammation > further fibrolysis 3. compartment syndrome > fiber necrosis
chronic: 1. local soft tissue fibrosis 2. secondary joint disease 3. mineralization
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how long could it take for a tendon/ligament injury to heal? does this healing result in full recovery? |
a long time 9-12 months!!
not really |
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during early healing (1-6 months), what type of collagen fibers are laid down to repair injured tendon/ligament? |
type III (immature and weaker) |
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T/F: after a tendon/ligament injury repair, remodeling can continue for years post injury |
true |
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what are the goals of treatment used for tendon/ligament injury ? |
1. decrease inflammation (acute) 2. maintain tendon length & strength 3. decrease adhesion formation (fibrous band that limits gliding motion) |
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how do we decrease tendon/ligament inflammation? |
1. hydrotheraphy 2. standing bandages 3. NSAIDs (1-2 week course) |
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what factors does a tendon/ligament injury prognosis depend on? |
1. severity of injury 2. location of injury 3. adherence to controlled exercise program 4. desired use of animal 5. attitude and behavior of patient and owner |
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how does a "controlled" exercise program rehabilitate a tendon/ligament injury? |
1. gradual increase loading 2. simulate maturation of granulation tissue 3. encourage longitudinal alignment of fibers 4. decrease adhesion formation |
