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40 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Diazepam
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BZs. Anxiolytic, antiseizures Allosteric modulation of GABA receptors, increase GABA binding, hyperpolarization. Halt Status Epilepticus. Ceiling effect. Drop horse-muscle relaxant, hi protein binding
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Side effect Tolerance, withdrawals, hepatotoxicity esp in CATs, hemolysis
Antidote: FLUMAZENIL GABA antagonist, post anesthetic |
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Guaifenesin
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Orphan Drug, centrally mediated muscle relaxant, NOT BZs. Triple Drip for horse that won't stay down. ruminants, pigs. MOA: selectively blocks transmission at spinal cord, brainstem, subcortical areas, mild sedate, mod muscle relaxant
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Flunitrazepam
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BZs, anxiolytic, sedative/hynoptic. Date rape Rx. Anticonvulsant, amnestic, muscle relaxant, anterograde amnesia.
MOA: allosteric modulation of GABA receptor, increase GABA binding, hyperpolarization |
Don't care abt consequence, CATS become very excited
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Histamine
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Neurotransmitter. Inflam mediator, H1 receptor: anaphylaxis, edema. H2 mediate Gastric acid secretion. H2 antagonist: antiulcer
maintain wakefuleness, appetite supressant Eg: cetirizine. 2G Lorotadine block H1, low lipid solubility, low brain side effect, low drowsiness |
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Dopamine
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Monoamine, Catecholamine, xBBB, tyrosine to DOPA to DA
D1 low dose vasodilate beta 1 high dose inotropic higher still dose alpha 1 vasoconstrict |
brain reward pthway hi on cocaine n amphetamine like, motivation n r goal, derangement: schizo.
degenerate: Parkinson's can stimulate CTZ->emesis |
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Nadr
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Monoamines, neurotransmitter, Catecholamine, act on alpha 1, 2, beta 1,2 receptors.
alpha 2 agonist lower Ndr (auto-inhibitory) |
modulates mood, alertness, arousal, sleep-wake cycle. motivation, hunger, pain, cognition, vigilance, stress repsonse
lower Ndr: depression->bipolar |
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Flumazenil
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GABA antagonist, antidote for BZs, reverse BZs, post anesthetic. Short DOA, $$$
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Midazolam
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BZs. anxiolytic, antiseizre, muslce relaxant.
MOA: allosteric modulation of GABA-R. Up GABA binding, hyperpolarize. Ceiling effect, induce n maintain GA |
side effect: Hepatotoxicity for CATS
antidote: Flumazenil |
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Acepromazine a.c.p.
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Neuroleptic. Phenothiazines,
Alpha 1 antagonist vasodilate MOA: block D2, also block 5HT, alpha, Ach, H2 |
antiemetics, block D2-> CTZ
side effects: hypotension, cardioprotective (antiarrthymic), lower PCV n BP. Eq paraphimosis |
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Azaperone
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Neuroleptic, Butyrophenone,
Alpha 1 antagonist, vasodilate behavior mod for PIG MOA: block D2, also block 5HT, alpha, Ach, H2 |
safe, short acting
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Buspirone
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Neuroleptic, Butyrophenone,
Alpha 1 antagonist, vasodilate behavior mod, prevent cat spraying MOA: block D2, also block 5HT, alpha, Ach, H2 |
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Droperidol
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Neuroleptic, Butyrophenone,
Alpha 1 antagonist, vasodilate MOA: block D2, also block 5HT, alpha, Ach, H2 |
less hypotensive than ACE due to less alpha 1 antagonist.
*NeuroleptAnalgesia: deep tranquil/analgesic. No risk for CVS, metabolic. potent antiemetics. Catalepsy. Hi dose increase alpha antagonist, counteract atropine-> increase SA node firing, increase vagal tone |
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Phenobarbitone
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IV GA, Barbiturates, strong anticonvulsant
MOA: allosteric modulation GABA-R increase seizure threshold, lower e- activity of seizure |
take home for K9/F9. breakthrough seizures, indue HME.
Side effects: Diplopia, memory loss, dependenc, half life 90 hrs, k-9: 60 hrs effective at brain stem, spinal cord, lower all of CNS, motor fxn inhibited, sensory fxn intact |
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Pentobarbitone
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Anticonvulsant, Barbiturates
MOA: allosteric modulation GABA-R ---->Euthanaisa. Refractory seizures, idiopathic epilepsy, snail pellet, strychnine |
not as selective an antiseizure as phenobarb-> significant sedation, could be lethal
Side effect: Hepatotoxicity, diplopia, lethargy, PU/PD, PP. high protein bound, HME |
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Primidone
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Anticonvulsant, Barbiturates
MOA: allosteric modulation GABA-R metabolite in liver, 2x metabolism, up Hepatotoxicity |
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KBr
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Anticonvulsant
K-9 use only, cause allergic pneumonia for F9. MOA:unknown, stabilize neuronal cell |
use PO adjunct to phenobarb, breakthrough seizures, dose lowering,
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Phenytoin
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Anticonvulsant
MOA: Block Na/Ca channel, up Cl influx, hyperpolarize, lower AP Potentiate GABA, inhibit Glutamate |
side effect: swollen gum in human, hepatotoxicity, CNS (ataxia, sedation, tremors), GI irritation
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Sodium Valproate
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Anticonvulsant
MOA: Block Na/Ca channel, up Cl influx, hyperpolarize, lower AP Potentiate GABA, inhibit Glutamate |
gd seizure rx, grand mal, petit mal. minimal sedation, Inhibit HME
side effect: CNS(tremors, ataxia, sedation) hepatotoxicity, GI irritation |
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Carbomazepine
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Anticonvulsant
MOA: Block Na/Ca channel, up Cl influx, hyperpolarize, lower AP Potentiate GABA, inhibit Glutamate |
half life 2 hrs
Hepatotoxicity |
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alpha 2 agonist
sedative w/ mod analgesia. Eq GA induce, maintain |
IV bi-phasic response. Initial: central alpha 2 agonist, drop Nadr, up PSNS (lower HR, contractility, CO)-> vasodilate, hypotension. + peripheral alpha 1+2: vasoconstrict. result: vasoconstrict +bradycardia
later: diminish peripheral effect: vasodilate, lower HR. IM: less fluctuation effect |
higher dose: increase sedation, DOA and analgesia. CO decrease ~50%
side effect: depress Resp, CVS, GIT mobility, muscle relax, renal diuresis. emesis F-9, last trimester cow abortion Ruminant sensitve |
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Medetomidine
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sedative
MOA: alpha 2 agonist, stimulate NA reuptake receptor, lower release of Nadr |
side effect: CVS, Resp depress
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Atipamezole
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Alpha 2 antagonist
reverse of Medetomidine rapid, no IV |
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Dexmedetomidine
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sedative more potent than medetomidine, less CVS effect
MOA: alpha 2 agonist, stimulate NA reuptake receptor, lower release of Nadr |
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Xylazine
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sedative, analgesic
MOA: alpha 2 agonist, stimulate NA reuptake receptor, lower release of Nadr with BZs & ketamine for Eq IV GA |
side effect:Ruminant sensitive
F9 emesis CVS depression |
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Detomidine
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HORSE sedative, analgesic
MOA: alpha 2 agonist, stimulate NA reuptake receptor, lower release of Nadr longer DOA than xylazine |
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Romifidine
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Horse sedative, analgesic
MOA: alpha 2 agonist, stimulate NA reuptake receptor, lower release of Nadr less ataxia than xylazine n detomidine |
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Yohimbe
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large animal alpha 2 ANTAGONIST
reverse sedation against xylazine |
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4-Aminopyridine
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SA alpha 2 ANTAGONIST
reverse sedation, CNS excitatory effect |
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alpha 2 agonist
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advantages: sedation, restraint
reversible, anti aggression, good analgesia, short DOA cf ACP emesis in cat |
Disadv: CVS depression, potentoal abortion, ruminant sensitive
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Clomipramine
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TCA's Antidepressant Behavior Modification
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Amitriptyline
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Antidepressant
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Medroxyprogesterone MPA
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Progesterone, modify Male agressive behavior. Pregnancy Hormone. Reducce testosterone level.
Long acting |
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Haloperidol
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Butyrophenone Neuroleptic
D2 Antagonist, antipsychotics. Behav. Mod. Birds |
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Propentofylline
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Geriatric mentation, methylxanthine der
MOA: inhibits phosphodiesterase. Vasodilate in lungs, brain, improve blood supply and alertness. K9 cognitive dysfxn. |
Side effect: caffeine CNS like axn: nervousness, agitation, convulsion
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Clomipramine
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TCAs Antidepressant
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Amitriptyline
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Antidepressant
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Medroxyprogesterone MPA
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Progesterone
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Haloperidol
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Butyrophenone, Neuroleptic (Bird)
alpha-1 antagonist, bind monoamine-R, Block its effect: D2 excitation, Histamine Adr/NAdr, 5HT, Ach. Cause: vasodilate->hypotensive |
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Propentofylline
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Geriatric mentation
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Tricyclic Antidepressant TCAs
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MOA:inhibit reuptake of 5HT & NAdr, decrease exposures to Monoamine Oxidases, dimish depression. Long term Tx
Tx: mild aggression K-9, anxiety, OCD, F-9 spraying, anxiety, excessive grooming/vocalization |
side effects: anticholinergic, tachycardia
antihistamine, mild sedation. sympatholytic: hypotension |
