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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atelectasis |
collapse of a portion or al of one or both lungs |
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demand valve |
a valve attached to the endotracheal tube during anesthetic recovery that is used to deliver oxygen to the patient at a high flow rate |
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epistaxis |
nosebleed |
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field anesthesia |
general anesthesia performed away from the veterinary hospital at a farm or stable. used most commonly for short procedures (20-45 min0 in large animal patients |
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insufflation |
provision of oxygen by placement of an oxygen supply tube inside an endotracheal tube, nasopharyngeal tube, or nostril |
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myopathy |
muscle disease, in the context of anesthesia, this term refers to muscle damage caused by excessive pressure on dependent muscle tissue or insufficient blood flow to muscle tissue during the intraoperative period in large animals, particularly horses. Manifests during recovery as muscle hardness, pain, and weakness. known as tying up |
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neuropathy |
disease or injury of a peripheral nerve |
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positive inotrope |
a drug that increases inotropy |
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standing chemical restraint |
a type of chemical restraint used in horses in which the patient is heavily sedated but remains standing throughout the procedure. |
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total intravenous anesthesia |
induction and maintenance of anesthesia by intravenous injection of ultra-short-acting anesthetics with no concurrent use of inhalant agents. accomplished using repeat bolus injections or a constant rate infusion |
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ventilation-perfusion mismatch |
a lack of equality in the quantity of oxygen that reaches the alveoli per minute and the volume of blood that perfuses the alveoli per minute. results in alveoli that are oxygenated but are not perfused and or alveoli that are perfused but are atelectatic and not oxygenated. |
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inotropy |
the force of heart muscle contraction |
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chapter 9 notes |
-guaifenesin is a muscle relaxant administered during induction rapidly to effect by placing it in a pressure bag. -typical induction drugs for horses: ketamine bolus, ketamine and diazepam or midazolam as a bolus, guaifenesin to effect followed by a ketamine bolus. -duration of anesthesia after induction typically lasts 10-20minutes -ketamine 2.2mg/kg, diazepam 0.05-0.1mg/kg, guaifenesin25-50mg/kg -if horse is too lightly anesthetized to intubate and additional bolus of ketamine can be given at 0.4mg/kg (one fifth of the induction dose) -horses typically require 22mm, 26 mm, or 30mm et tubes. -maintenance protocols: isoflurane: 1.5% - 2.5% sevoflurane: 2.5% - 4% desflurane: 8%-12% triple drip CRI (guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine): 1.5ml/kg/hr xylazine/ketamine IV: xylaxine 0.25mg/kg and ketamine 0.5mg/kg repeated each time the anesthetic depth is too light -hypoventilation, hypotension, and hypoxemia are common problems encountered during maintenance with gas anesthesia and horses in dorsal recumbency. -once returned to stall after recovery, the horse should be muzzled for 1-3 hours but should have access to water. |
