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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of blood do arteries in the systemic circulation carry?
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O2 blood to body tissues
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As an artery's diameter decreases, there is a corresponding what?
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DECREASE in the amount of elastic fibers and a relative INCREASE in the amount of smooth muscle (tunica media)
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How many types of arteries are there and what are they?
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3: elastic, muscular arteries, and arterioles
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Which type of artery is the largest artery w/ diameter ranging from 2.5 to 1 cm?
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Elastic arteries
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What do elastic arteries contain?
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lg proportion of elastic fibers throughout all 3 tunics, especially in the tunica media
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The abundant elastic fibers in the artery allow the fiber wall to do what?
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stretch when a heart ventricle eject blood into it
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What do the elastic arteries do that hlep it so the pressure of the arterial blood equalizes slightly as it reaches the smaller arteries and capillaries?
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The elastic arteries are able to withstand the srong pulsations of the ejecte blood as well as reduce the force of the pulsations
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What are some examples of elastic arteries? What is a distinguishing characteristic of them?
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aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac arteries
CLOSE TO HEART |
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What do elastic arteries branch into?
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muscular arteries
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Unlike elastic arteries, where are the muscular arterie's elastic fibers?
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confined to one laminar ring between the tunica intima and the tunica media and to a second laminar ring between the tunica media and the tunica externa
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Which type fo artery have a large proportion of elastic fibers throughout all 3 tunics?
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Elastic arteries
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Which type of artery has laminar rings between the tunica media and the tunica externa and between the tunica intima and tunica media?
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muscular arteries
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Where are the elastic fibers confined in the muscular arteries?
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To the laminar rings
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Which type of artery have a proportionately thicker tunica media, with multiple layers of smooth muscle?
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Muscular arteries
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Why do muscular arteries have a proportionately thicker tunica media?
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give them better ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate
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most of the named arteries except for the elastic arteries, are which type of artery?
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muscular arteries
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What do muscular arteries branch into?
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arterioles
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What are the smallest arteries?
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arterioles
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When will an artery have fewer than 3 tunics?
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When it is a small arteriole
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What regulates blood flow through the capillaries?
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vasoconstriction and vasodilation of arterioles
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What can happen by vasoconstricting or vasodilating the arterioles?
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Increase or decrease the arterial bp and regulate blood flow through the capillaries
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What are the smalles bv's?
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capillaries
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What connects arterioles to venules?
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capillaries
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What is slightly larger than a single erthrocyte?
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capillaries
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What do capillaries connect?
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arterioles to venules
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What are erthrocytes?
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blooc cells
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What is sickle cell disease?
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Causes blockages and infarctions in body organs (i.e.-spleen and brain from deflated bc's
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What causes sickle cell disease?
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Inheritance of a gene for abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-S)
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What is hemoglobin-S?
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gene that causes abnormally shaped hemoglobin and cause RBC's to be rigid, causing infarcts and the cells to break causing enemia
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What preforms the most important role of the nervous system? How?
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capillaries: delivery of O2 and nutrients and removal of waste, gas exchange
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What is every cell in the body close to?
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A capillary
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What do most capillaries consist soleley of?
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Tunica intima, composed of a very thin, single layer of endothelium and a basement membrane
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The thin wall and narrow vessel diameter of a capillary are optimal for what?
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exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood in the capillaries and the fluid (interstitial fluid) surrounding the tissues.
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What are the functional units of the cardiovascular system?
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capillaries
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What are the most common structural types of capillaries?
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continuous capillaries, endothelial cells from a complete, continuous lingin and are connected by tight junctions.
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Which structural type of capillary has endothelial cells that form a complete, continuos lining and are connected by tight junctions?
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continuous capillaries
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What are fenestrated capillaries?
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Have fenestrations within each endothelial cell and are seen where a great deal of fluid transport occurs between the blood an intersitial fluid of the tissue
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What type of capillaries will you see near intestines, endocrine glands, and kidneys? Why?
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fenestrated capillaries, so exchange of nutrients between blood in capillaries and the fluid can happen
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Which type of capillary tend to be wider, larger vessels with openings that allow for transport of larger materials, such as proteins or cells (blood cells)?
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Sinusoids
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Where are sinusouids found?
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bone marrow, the spleen, the anterior pituitary, the LIVER, and at several other locations in the body
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What type of capillary is found in the liver?
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sinusoids
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Why are sinusoids wider with bigger openings?
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Allow for transport of larger materials, such as proteins or cells
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