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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total body water
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ECF (plasma, interstitial fluid)
ICF (cytosol) |
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Osmosis
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H2O shift between ECF and ICF
Controlled by serum Na+ and glucose |
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Edema
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Increased fluid in interstitial space or body cavities
Transduate, exudate, lymph |
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Transudate
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Protein and cell-poor fluid in interstitial space/body
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Starling's force
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Oncotic process (albumin) keeps fluid in vessels
Hydrostatic pressures pushes fluid out |
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Pitting edema
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Decreased oncotic pressure and/or increased hydrostatic pressure
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Increased hydrostatic pressure
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Pulmonary edema in LHF
Pitting edema of legs in RHF Portal hypertension |
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Renal retention sodium and water
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Increased hydrostatic pressure and Decreased oncotic pressure
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Causes renal retention of sodium/ water
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Decreased cardiac output (activation RAA system)
Primary renal disease |
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Decreased oncotic pressure (hypoalbuminemia)
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Kwashiorkor
Nephrotic syndrome Cirrhosis |
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Ascites in cirrhosis
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Decreased oncotic pressure
Increased hydrostatic pressure |
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Exudate
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Protein and cell rich (pus)
Acute inflammation with increased vessel proliferation |
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Lymphedema
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Radical mastectomy
Filariasis Inflammatory carcinoma (lymphatics plugged by tumor) |
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Thrombus
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Endothelial injury
Statis Hypercoagulability |
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Venous thrombus
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Fibrin clot with entrapped RBCs
WBCs Platelets Deep veins below knee (stasis) |
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Heparin/ warfarin
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Anticoagulants that prevent venous clot formation
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Arterial thrombus
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Endothelial injury
Platelets held together by fibrin |
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Aspirin
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Prevents platelet thrombus in arteries
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Pulmonary thromboembolism
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Femoral vein site of origin
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Systemic thromboembolism
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Majority form left heart
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Fat embolus
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Long bone fractures
Delayed symptoms (48hrs) Thrombocytopenia, Hypoxemia |
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Amniotic fluid embolism
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DIC
Lanugo hair in maternal pulmonary arteries |
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Diving
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1 atm pressure increase with 33 foot descent into water
N2 gas dissolved in tissue |
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Decompression sickness
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Release of N2 gas from tissue with rapid ascent
Ischemic damage |
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Dyspnea, chest pain underwater
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Pulmonary embolus
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Dyspnea, chest pain rising to surface
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Spontaneous pneuothorax
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Hypovolemic shock (blood loss)
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Decreased CO
Decreased LVEDP Increased PVR |
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Cardiogenic shock
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Decreased CO
Increased LVEDP Increased PVR |
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Septic shock
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Increased CO (increased venous return)
Decreased PVR (vasodilation) |
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Kidneys
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Most susceptible organ in shock
Straight portion proximal tubule most susceptible |
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Shock complications
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Ischemic ATN
Multiorgan failure Increased anion gap acidosis |
