Vertmorph Final Endocrine System

Front 1

the brain has a what so that what kinda of hormones cannot go into brain?

Back 1

blood brain barrier

Front 2

which kind of hormones cant easily get in and out of brain

Back 2

proteins/peptides

Front 3

which type of hormones can go across the cell membrane easily

Back 3

steroids

Front 4

the nervous system needs two main criteria?

Back 4

glands need to secrete and muscles need to contract

Front 5

which organs are examples that are derived and modified neural tissue?

Back 5

hypophysis, pineal, adrenals

Front 6

what does a fish have at the end of its spinal cord that other animals don't?

Back 6

urophysis

Front 7

what does the urophysis do in fishes?

Back 7

affects salt and thermooregulation and kidney functions

Front 8

what is attached the kidney of a fish and is derived from the pronephric duct that has a function of salt regulation in kidneys of fish?

Back 8

corpuscles of stannius

Front 9

which glands are derived from the ectoderm?

Back 9

hypophysis, pineal, adrenal medulla, urohypophysis

Front 10

which glands are derived from the endoderm?

Back 10

parathyroid gland, thryoid, ultimobronchial bodies, pancreatic islets

Front 11

which glands are derived from the mesoderm?

Back 11

gonads and adrenal cortex

Front 12

which glands are derived from the gut tube?

Back 12

pancreatic islets

Front 13

all of the endocrine organs are protein or peptide hormones except?

Back 13

the thyroid gland

Front 14

the pituitary is put together by two parts?

Back 14

1) lining or oral cavity
2) comes from brain

Front 15

which part of the pituitary comes from the lining of oral cavity?

Back 15

adenohypophysis

Front 16

what is the primitive mouth of the embryo called?

Back 16

stomodeal ectoderm

Front 17

the walls of the Rathke's pouch become what?

Back 17

adenohypophysis

Front 18

the pouch grows upto neural tube and becomes what?

Back 18

neurohypophysis

Front 19

the stomodeal and the neural tube are both derived by what layer?

Back 19

ectoderm

Front 20

other animals dont produce milk but produce something like what?

Back 20

oxytocin

Front 21

what parts make up the adenohypophysis?

Back 21

1) par distalis
2) pars intermedia
3) pars tuberalis

Front 22

where is MSH produced?

Back 22

pars intermedia

Front 23

the parts of the neurohypophysis?

Back 23

1) median eminence
2) infundibulum
3) pars nervosa

Front 24

which part of the hypophysis has a capillary bed that drains into pars distalis? this is the important portal system?

Back 24

median eminence

Front 25

what part of the hypophysis is the stalk?

Back 25

infundibulum

Front 26

which part of the hypophysis has no cells that make up hormone but the hormones of ADH and oxytocin are released here?

Back 26

pars nervosa

Front 27

what gland affects growth of musculoskeletal system by putting out growth hormones?

Back 27

pituitary

Front 28

the NS can communicate w/ the endocrine system through what?

Back 28

feedback loops

Front 29

bony fish and elasmobranchs have a what part that is of unknown function?

Back 29

sacculus vasculosis

Front 30

the what part of elasmobranchs has a ventral lobe of unknown function?

Back 30

pars distalis

Front 31

the lampreys, elasmobranches, bony fish have no what part of hypophysis?

Back 31

pars tuberalis

Front 32

in lampreys, elasmobranches, bondy fish the what is divided into a rostral and proximal part?

Back 32

pars distalis

Front 33

the pars intermedia affects pigmentation in what animals?

Back 33

reptiles

Front 34

in tetrapods what appears?

Back 34

pars tuberalis

Front 35

tetrapods have how many division to the adenohypophysis?

Back 35

3

Front 36

what part of the hypophysis is reduced or absent in warmblooded animals?

Back 36

pars intermedia

Front 37

the pars distalis is divided into what portions in the birds and reptiles?

Back 37

birds and reptiles

Front 38

what group of animals have no subdivisions of the pars distalis?

Back 38

amphibians and mammals

Front 39

what are the 2 sources of tissue from the adrenal gland?

Back 39

1) chromaffin cells
2) steroidogenic cellss

Front 40

where are the chromaffin cells derived from?

Back 40

neural crest

Front 41

where are the steroidogenic cells dervied from?

Back 41

intermediate mesoderm (just like goands like all steroid hormones)

Front 42

which type of cells from the adrenal gland are under control of the sympathetic NS and action synergistically w/ the ANS?

Back 42

chromaffin cells

Front 43

the cortical hormones have roles in what?

Back 43

1) metabolism
2) sodium regulation
3) long term stress adjustments

Front 44

the adrenal gland (adrenal medulla) puts out what?

Back 44

mineralcorticoids

Front 45

minercorticoids prevent what from happening?

Back 45

dehydration

Front 46

in stressful situation, the brain needs more of what?

Back 46

glucose

Front 47

the product of chromaffin cells is what?

Back 47

norepinephrine and epinenphrine

Front 48

role of mineralocorticoids?

Back 48

1) regulate electrolyte levels
2) reabsorb water

Front 49

aldosterone is produced in where?

Back 49

adrenal cortex

Front 50

all steroid producing tissues are from what layer?

Back 50

intermediate mesoderm

Front 51

in fish what hormone works on freshwater so they dont lose sodium?

Back 51

aldosterone

Front 52

what in the shark is a salt gland in the large intestine that works to prevent it from letting go of salt?

Back 52

rectal gland

Front 53

glucocorticoids do NOT do what?

Back 53

stimulate cells to take up glucose because the brain would be deprived of it

Front 54

the only type of animal that makes a lot of sex steroids?

Back 54

human

Front 55

adrenogenital syndrome does what?

Back 55

masculanizes female features b/x of too much androgen

Front 56

what part of the adrenals responds to ACTH and glucocorticoid level and indirectly is under control of the hypothalamus?

Back 56

fasciuclado

Front 57

where in the adrenals is the sex steroid mad?

Back 57

retiucloso

Front 58

what structure in the adrenals is ONLY in mammals?

Back 58

reticuloso

Front 59

the adrenals is located next to what main organ?

Back 59

kidneys

Front 60

in some animals the adrenal gland is scattered to what organ?

Back 60

aorta

Front 61

in bony fish and chondoithyes what is scattered near aorta or pathes of steroid cells and chromafin cells?

Back 61

adrenals

Front 62

in what type of animals is the organ distinct?

Back 62

amniotes

Front 63

the one hormone of storage is what?

Back 63

insulin

Front 64

phayngeal pouch #1:

Back 64

eustacian tube and middle ear

Front 65

pharyngeal pouch #2:

Back 65

palatine tonsils

Front 66

phyngeal pouch #3 an #4:

Back 66

parathyroid that works on bone to dissolve and provide Calcium

Front 67

pharyngeal pouch #4 and #5:

Back 67

ultimobronchial pouch

Front 68

what gland makes C cells that make calcitonin to lower blood calcium

Back 68

ultimobronchial gland

Front 69

calcitonin is especially important during what times?

Back 69

times of pregnancy to give fetus a skeletal system

Front 70

chicken uses what to make skeletal system?

Back 70

calcium of shell

Front 71

the ultimobranchial bodies produce what?

Back 71

calcitonin which decrease blood calcium levels

Front 72

thyroid gland is formed from what?

Back 72

the floor of the pharynx

Front 73

the thyroid capture what to make T3 and T4?

Back 73

iodine

Front 74

what is the target of glucagon?

Back 74

liver that stores carbs

Front 75

in what group of animals are the exocrine and endocrine tissues of the pancreatic islet cells mixed together?

Back 75

tetrapods

Front 76

the main function of thyroid gland in birds and mammals is to what?

Back 76

control metabolic rates

Front 77

the thryoid gland in some amphibians and anamniotes has role in what?

Back 77

molting, growth, and metamorphosis

Front 78

wha is the thryoid follicle also called?

Back 78

the epithelial sac

Front 79

what hormone is produced by the stomach itself?

Back 79

gastrin

Front 80

what stimulates the gallbladder to secerte into small intestine and causes pancrease to release digestive enzymes?

Back 80

choleystekinin

Front 81

what is stimulated pancreas to make buffer to neutralize stuff coming out of stomach?

Back 81

secretin

Front 82

what is needed in preganancy that comes from the placenta?

Back 82

CG

Front 83

what is the source of progesteron to prolong gestation?

Back 83

CL

Front 84

as long as what is around you cant deliver baby?

Back 84

prosterone

Front 85

in mammals 2 sources of progesterone?

Back 85

1) CL
2) placenta

Front 86

generally what hormone is higher than what hormone during most of gestation?

Back 86

progesterone is higher than estrogen until the end of gestation

Front 87

the what gland is attached to the roof the diencephalon?

Back 87

pineal gland

Front 88

what gland mediates the effects of light on reproduction or body rhythms?

Back 88

pineal gland

Front 89

what hormone is secreted only at night?

Back 89

melatonin

Front 90

what gland has role in seasonal reproduction in vert and some if has effect on the skin?

Back 90

pineal gland