Vertebrates - Fish

Front 1

Osteichthyes

Back 1

bonyfish (super class)

Front 2

Chondrichthyes

Back 2

cartilaginousfish (super class)

Front 3

Gnathostomata

Back 3

jawedfish (infra phylum)

Front 4

Agnatha

Back 4

jawlessfish

Front 5

agnatha characteristics

Back 5

· Absence of paired fins

· Cartilaginous skeleton

· 7+ gill pouches

· No identifiable stomach

· Fertilisation and development external

Front 6

Oviparous

Back 6

egglaying

Front 7

Ovoviviparous

Back 7

eggsheld internally

Front 8

Viviparous

Back 8

livebirth

Front 9

Batoids

Back 9

skatesand rays

Front 10

Epipelagic

Back 10

surface– 200m

Front 11

Mesopelagic

Back 11

200m– 1000m

Front 12

Bathypelagic

Back 12

1000m– 4000m

Front 13

Abyssopelagic

Back 13

4000m– sea floor

Front 14

Hadopelagic

Back 14

oceantrenches

Front 15

Spiracle

Back 15

beforefirst gill slit, delivers oxygen to brain

Front 16

Fusiform

Back 16

idealshape for aquatic locomotion

Front 17

Heterocercal

Back 17

vertebraeextend into larger lobe of tail

Front 18

Homocercal

Back 18

vertebraedon’t extend into tail

Front 19

Epicercal

Back 19

upperlobe of tail is larger

Front 20

Hypocercal

Back 20

lowerlobe of tail is larger

Front 21

Placoidscales

Back 21

dermaldenticles homologous to teeth (sharks)

Front 22

Cosmoid

Back 22

scalesin lungfish

Front 23

Ganoid

Back 23

rhomboidshape scales in bow fish and

sturgeon

Front 24

Cycloid

Back 24

scalesfound in trout and herring

Front 25

Ctenoid

Back 25

scalesfound in most fish

Front 26

Ampullaeof Lorenzini

Back 26

electroreceptorsfound around the head of a shark

Front 27

Electrosensory system

Back 27

ampullaeof Lorenzini and lateral line

Front 28

Acoustico-lateralissystem

Back 28

electrosensory and hearing

Front 29

Nictitatingmembrane

Back 29

protectseyes

Front 30

Tapetumlucidum

Back 30

reflectivelayer behind retina (sharks)

Front 31

Claspers

Back 31

modifiedpelvic fins used for sperm delivery

Front 32

Siphonsacs

Back 32

forciblyeject spermatophores

Front 33

Teleost

Back 33

‘perfectbone’

Front 34

Otolith

Back 34

stonyconcretions in fish ears

Front 35

Physostomous

Back 35

gas bladder still connected to digestive tract

Front 36

Physoclistous

Back 36

gasbladder separate

Front 37

Undulations

Back 37

sinusoidalwave passing down body or fins

Front 38

Oscillation

Back 38

structuremoving back and forth

Front 39

Anguilliform

Back 39

sinusoidalundulations (eel swimming)

Front 40

Carangiform

Back 40

onlyposterior segments used (most fish

swimming)

Front 41

Thunniform

Back 41

tail originating from narrow peduncle and

lateral keels

Front 42

Ostraciiform

Back 42

onlytail oscillates (boxfish swimming)

Front 43

Amiiform

Back 43

undulationspass along dorsal fin seahorse swimming

Front 44

Tetraodontiform

Back 44

flapdorsal and anal fins synchronously

Front 45

Labriform

Back 45

rowpectoral fins

Front 46

Gymnotiform

Back 46

undulationsdown long anal fin

Front 47

Ballistiform

Back 47

undulationsdown anal and dorsal fin

Front 48

Tiktaalikroseae

Back 48

linkbetween lungfish and amphibians