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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Distinctive features of chordates |
Notocord spinal cord Post anal tail Gill slits |
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Characters uniquely shared by vertebrates |
CNS Vertebral column |
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Hagfish features |
Scaleless skin Jaw less Boneless Barbels around mouth Poor vision Slime producers |
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Lamprey features |
Scaleless skin Jaw less Boneless Poorly developed cerebellum Oral funnel Semi circular canals Large optic lobes |
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Craniate diagnostic characters |
Skull Sensory placodes Complex gut Cranial nerves Endoskeleton Five part expanded brain (Midbrain Medulla Pons) |
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Gnathosome features |
Paired nasal sacs Movable jaws Complex skeletal support Paired posterior/ anterior appendages Three semicircular |
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Chrondrichthyan features |
Fusiform body Ventral subterminal mouths Teeth embedded in gums Strongly calcified vertebrae Paired occipital condyles |
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Ray features |
Flat bodies Eyes and spiracles on top of head No anal fin Ventral gill slits Very protrusible upper jaw |
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Hagfish vs. Lamprey feeding technique |
Hagfish mouth has a pair ofprotractable and retractablecartilaginous plates with horny teeth, Lampreys have a toothed, funnel like sucking mouth |
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Diagnostic characters of Cartilaginous fish |
Tessarate calcified cartilage anterior fontanelle Pelvic claspers Placoid scales |
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Distinctive features of a sharks digestive system |
U-shaped gut 2-lobed liver |
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Describe two functions of theampullae of Lorenzini |
Electoreception Sensitive to changes in temperature, water pressure, salinity |
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Bony fish -osteichthyans- characteristics |
Rooted teeth Head and pectoral girdles covered with large dermal bones Swim bladder/ lungs |
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Give two examples of structuraldifferences between shark gills and teleost gills |
Teleost gill slits are covered by operculum, exposed in sharks |
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Actinopterygian Characteristics |
Ganoid scales Branchiostegal rays Polybasic fin articulation Single dorsal fin |
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Explaintwo differences between actinopterygian and sarcopterygian fins |
In sarcopterygians: basal plates at base of dorsal fins In actinopterygians: polybasic fin articulation |
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Diagnosticfeatures of sarcopterygians |
Lobe fins Monoaxial appendages Cosmoid scales |
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Provide two examples of diagnostic features of amphibians |
Smooth wet skin with mucous and granular glands Intermaxillary gland |
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Describe two main features associated with hearing in amphibians |
Operculum- collumella complex Basilar and amphibian papillae |
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Describe two main defensive mechanisms in salamanders |
Biting Toxic secretions |
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Provide two examples of diagnostic features of salamanders |
Teeth on both jaws Tail (in larvae and adults) |
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Explain hearing mechanisms in frogs |
Acoustic vibrations hit tympanum Tympanum pushed inside Columella transmits vibrations via footplate to the perilymph of the inner ear via theoval window Impulses reach the membranous labyrinth Endolymph activates a tectorial membrane Movement of membrane casuses ossilations in endolymph Causes bending in the sensory cilia of the specialised cellsin the basilar papilla Oscillations are then dissipated at the level of the round window |
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Provide two examples of diagnostic features of caecilians |
No tail No limbs |
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Provide two examples of diagnostic features of frogs
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Nine or fewer presacral vertebrae No tail in adults |
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What are Plethodontidae? |
Projective tongue |
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How do Salamanders smell? |
Vomernasal organ Nasolabial grooves |
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What are Diapsids? |
Animals with two holes behind the eye |
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Providetwo key differences between amphibians and amniotes |
amphibians have otic notches |
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Amniote features |
No otic notches Astragalus Long curved ribs |
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Features of extant amniotes |
1/2 sacrals Stout limbs |
