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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agnathans |
Jawless vertebrates |
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Hagfish key features |
- No jaws or eyes - Have cranium -No vertebrae - Tie in knots - Absorb through skin - Secrete proteins that create a slime |
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300 year old hagfish |
Myxinikela |
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Lampreys key features |
- Have vertebrae and eyes - Larval are filter feeders and chordate groundplan - Toothlike projections - suck blood |
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Condonts |
- Extinct chordates - Conodont elements arranged in bilateral sym. arrays - Eventually found in association with a body |
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Features that vertebrates share |
- Cranium (cart. or bony around brain) - Tounge - Brain - Optics - Olfaction - Vertebrae - Toothlike structures |
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The skull |
Cartilage or bone |
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The brain |
Useful from processing sensory information Track prey and coordinate a response |
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Eyes |
Primitive = eyespots Complex - track movement - be a predator |
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Smell |
Nostrils Not used for respiration Pass water over olifactory tissues to detect chemicals One in lamprey and two in vetrebrates |
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Teeth |
Lampreys and hagfish - keratinous Jawed vert. = hardened with calcium phosphate |
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Tongue |
Grab food and transport down throat |
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Gill arches and gills |
Gill slits supported by arches Series of filaments = gills Blood circulated in gills - take up oxygen Allows you to become larger and more active |
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Vertebrae |
Form around notochord Ossification = cartilage converted to bone Stronger support for backbone Powerful swimming muscles |
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Fin rays |
Cartilage or bone struts - support fins Allow to be larger or more elaborate Associated with muscles |
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Fins |
Swimming and maneuvering underwater |
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Gnathosomes |
Jawed vertebrates |
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2 types of gnathosomes |
Condrithcytes (cartilage) Osteichthyes (bony) |
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Divisons of chondrithcytes |
1. Selachimorpha (sharks) 2. Batoidea (rays, skates and sawfish) 3. Holocephali (chimaeras) |
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Divisions of osteichtycets |
1. Actinopterygii (ray-finned) 2. Sarcoptergya (lobe-finned) |
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Features of gnathsomes not seen in agnathans |
- Pectoral and pelvic fins - Jaws - Minerlized teeth and scales |
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Fins |
Stabalization and steering 3-axis control Improved maneuverability Propulsion |
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Jaws |
Modified from first gill arches Sharks = cartilage Cartilage is a scaffold for bone Sieze prey - predators |
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Scales |
Can be covered in enamel, contain bone or composed of keratin |
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Mineralized teeth |
Hardened with dentine covered in enamel |
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Mineralization |
Catilagenous fish - scales and teeth Invertebrates - calcium carbonate Vertebrates - calcium phospate or apatite |
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Order of mineralization |
- Scales (ammoured fish) - Jaws - Mineralize teeth - Cranium and vetrebrae |
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Features of sharks |
- large - low density cartilage and oil-filled liver = bouyancy - rapid tooth replacement - Adapated to low light - lucidum of eyes, electroreception and smell - Internal fertilization - Low reproductive rates |
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Chimeras |
- Three pairs of toothplates - Ancient group |
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Shift from filter feeding to active predation |
500 million years ago |
