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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of the vertebral column
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1. Encloses and protects spinal cord
2. Acts as support for trunk 3. Supports skull superiorly 4. Provides for attachment for deep muscles of the back and ribs laterally |
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Upper limbs are supported indirectly by...
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...the ribs
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The ribs articulate with...
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...the sternum
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The sternum articulates with...
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...the shoulder girdle
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The vertebral column articulates with each hip bone where?
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The SI joints. Supports weight through the hip joints to the lower limbs
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What is between vertebrae?
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fibrocartilage disks
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The vertebral column is held together by...
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...ligaments
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In early life, the vertebral column consists of how many vertebrae?
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33
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How many vertebrae/regions?
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Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 5 Coccygeal - 3-5 |
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What makes up the true vertebrae and false vertebrae?
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C-L are true
Sacrum, Coccyx are false |
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What makes true vertebrae true? And false vertebrae false?
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True vertebrae are moveable, and false vertebrae are fixed
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How many curves are there in the whole spine?
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4.
C- Lordotic T- Kyphotic L - Lordotic SC- Kyphotic |
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Lordotic and Kyphotic mean when viewed anteriorly?
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Lordotic is convex anteriorly, kyphotic is concave anteriorly
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The lumbar and pelvic curves join at an obtuse angle called?
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The lumbosacral angle
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Cervical and lumbar curves are ALSO called what?
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Secondary/ Compensatory curves
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When does the Cervical curve develop?
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When a child begins to hold his head up at about 3-4 months and begins to sit alone at 8-9 months
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When does the Lumbar curve develop?
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When a child begins to walk at about 1-1.5 years of age
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A slight lateral curvature is normal in most adults where and why?
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In the upper T spine and due to which hand they favor
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Abnormal lateral curvature
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scoliosis
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How does the body compensate for scoli?
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the vertebrae rotate toward the concavity and develop a secondary curve in the opposite direction to keep the head centered over the feet
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A typical vertebrae is composed of what two parts?
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Body anteriorly and vertebral arch posteriorly
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The vertebral arch and body enclose what?
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The vertebral foramen
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The articulated column of vertebral foramen form what?
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The vertebral canal
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Vertebrae are made of what?
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cancellous bone tissue covered by a layer of compact tissue
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what is the nucleus pulposus?
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soft, pulpy gelatinous material in the center of the intervertebral disks
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what surrounds the nucleus pulposus?
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an outer fibrocartilaginous disk called the annulus fibrosus
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What is a HNP?
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Herniated Nucleus Pulposus or slipped disk. when the nucleus pulposus ruptures or protrudes into the vertebral canal
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What makes up the vertebral arch?
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Two pedicles and two laminae
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How many processes do the vertebral arch support?
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4 articular, 2 transverse, one spinous
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The pedicles form concavities called vertebral notches that articulate with the superior and inferior vertebrae to form?
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intervertebral foramina for the transmission of spinal nerves and blood vessels
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what is spina bifida?
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congenital defect of vertebral column when laminae fail to unite posteriorly at the midline
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the articulations between articular processes of the vertebral arches are...
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zygapophyseal joints or interarticular facet joints
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Atlas vertebrae
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C1. Ringlike structure with no body and short spinous process. Consists of an anterior arch, posterior arch, two lateral masses and two transverse processes
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Axis vertebrae
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C2. Strong conical process arising from upper surface of the body, called the dens or odontoid process
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Which cervical vertebrae are irregular?
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C1, C2, and C7
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Vertebra prominens
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C7
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Typical Cervical Vertebrae
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C3-C6. Small, transversely located, oblong body with slightly elongated anteroinferior borders
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what angle are the C spine intervertebral foramina directed?
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45 degrees from MSP, 15 degrees inferior angle to horizontal plane
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how should you position a patient to see the C spine intervertebral foramina?
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45 degree medial rotation and 15 degree longitudinal angle of CR
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what projection demo's zygapophyseal joints?
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lateral
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Thoracic vertebrae size and shape
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increase in size from 1-12, with lower numbers resembling C vertebrae, and higher numbers resembling L vertebrae
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which are the "Typical" T vertebrae?
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#3-9, roughly triangular
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Costal facets of T vertebrae for articulation with ribs are found where?
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T1= whole costal facet found on the posterolateral margin of body, demi-facet on inferior body for second rib
T2-T8 = demi-facets superiorly and inferiorly T9= only superior demi-facet T10-T12 = whole facet superiorly |
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tranverse processes of T spine project in which planes?
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obliquely, laterally, posteriorly
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With the exception of T11 and T12, each process of the T spine has what on its anterior surface?
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A small concave facet for articulating with the tubercle of a rib
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The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic region angle (except the 12th) anteriorly how many degrees?
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15-20, to form an angle of 70-75 degrees to the MSP of body
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To demo the zygapophyseal T-spine joints how much do you rotate the pt.?
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70-75 degrees from AP
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The intervertebral foramina of the T-spine are ____ to the MSP of the body? What position best demo's them?
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perpendicular. True lateral.
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What must be done to best demo the intervertebral foramina of the t-spine?
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Have the pt. breathe in and raise their arms to raise the ribs up and arms out of the way.
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