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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Number of cervical vertebrae/curvature from anterior
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convex. 7
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Number of Thoracic Vertebrae/curvature from anterior
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concave. 12
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Number of Lumbar vertebrae, curvature
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5 convex
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Number of sacrum in adult and child.
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Adult one, child 5
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Number of coccyx in adult and child
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Adult 2 , child 4
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Abnormal Concave curvature of cervical or lumber
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lordosis
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Increased curvature of T-spine
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Kyphosis
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Causes of Kyphosis
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Genetics, poor posture, acromegaly, surgery, injury
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Pathology of the lateral curvature of the spinal cord
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scoliosis
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Abnormal T-spine bending medially and anywhere else laterally
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kyphoscoliosis
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Spinal cord is located where?
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Vertebral column (foramen)
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Where is the last functional intervertebral disk?
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Between L5-S1
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Outer ring-like portion of the vertebral disk. Made of fibrocartilage?
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anulus fibrosus
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Shock absorber between vertebrae
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nucleus pulposus. gel like
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How many vertebrae in a child? Adult?
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26 and 33
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Main connection between spine and skull
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occipital condyles...Yes nod
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Atlas
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C1
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Axis
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C2
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Concave struction on Atlas that articulates with the occipital condyles
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superior articular facet
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What contains the articular facet for C2?
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Anterior tubercle
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Large ligament in back of neck
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ligmentum nuchae
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Anterior and Posterior ________ membrane connects C 1 to base of skull
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atlantooccipital
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where the dens articulates with C1
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anterior tuberle at the articular facet. Movement of head-"NO"
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Between transverse process and vertebral body( on back side)
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lamina
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Between transverse process and vertebral body (on front side)
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pedicle
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Connect one vertebra to another, on side of vertebrae. Area where anti inflammatory drugs can be injected.
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Superior articular facet/inferior articular facet....Inferior facet is seen in the INFERIOR view!!!!
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C 7 Landmark
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Bifid processes. Vertebral Pominens
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Where are the areas that have a transverse foramen? What is unique about this area?
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Transverse foramen are in c 1-c 7...The vertebral arteries are located in C1 thru C6....NOT IN C7
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4 Ways we get blood to the brain
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2 Vertebral arteries and 2 Internal carotids
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Spinal nerves pass out of spinal cord through?
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Intervertebral foramen from each side
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Spinous processes are more obliquely/posteriorly oriented
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Thoracic
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Where ribs connect.
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costal facet on lamina and body connect to head of rib...transverse costal facet connect with rib tuburcles
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Frequent area for disk herniation
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L-5 S-1
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Good place for spinal/epidural.
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Interlaminar foramen. Under the spinous process and lamina. Lean forward. L3, 4, 5
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Allow nerve passage into sacral canal (sensory)
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Posterior sacral foramina, holes in back of sacrum
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Fusion of the spinous processes
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Median sacral crest(can feel)
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Fusion of the transverse processes
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lateral sacral crest (can feel)
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Why is it difficult to access nerves in the sacral canal>
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NO intervertebral foramen
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Landmark lower back
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sacral cornu, 2 bumps above buttocks, tell where sacral hiatus is
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Target area for lower body anesthesia
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sacral hiatus, opening of base of sacrum
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Coccyx has how many segments. What connects it to the sacrum
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4 as child. Fuses into 2. Connected by #1 posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
#2 and #3 Left and right lateral sacrococcygeal ligament |
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Large structure on S1
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promonotory
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Instead of foramen, sacrum has what?
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sacral canal
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What does the promontory do?
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separates the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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Sacrum articulates with L5 how?
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superior articular processes/facets
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Allow passage of anterior nerves in sacrum
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Anterior sacral foramina
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L3 L4 marker
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illiac crest (top)
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Layers and characteristics when performing an epidural
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First layer very thin, supraspinous ligament, then the next layer is quite thicker and called the interspinous ligament, last layer is very different in texture, spongy, yellow lots of elastin and is the liqamentum flavum
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Flexible, connects lamina to lamina, elasticity allows flexion/extension of the spinal cord.
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Ligamentum flavum.
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