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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Non amniotes |
Embryos protected by membranes produced by female |
Reptiles, birds |
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Amniotes |
Embryo surrounded by fetal membrane |
Mammalssauro |
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Sauropsids |
Reptiles and birds, non amniotes |
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Synapsids |
Mammals (amniotes) |
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4 synapomorphies of vertebrates |
Vertebrae Skull Prominent head w/ complex sense organs Large brains |
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain |
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Tripartite |
Brain divided into 3 parts |
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Hox gene |
Body plan gene |
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Neural crest |
Embryonic, forms multiple types of tissues |
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Placodes |
Bunches of embryonic cells Form hair, teeth, feathers, etc. Form complex sensory organs |
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Hydroxyapatite |
Attaches to collagen to form bone |
EDC |
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Integument |
External covering of body |
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3 layers of teeth |
Enamel Dentine Cementurn |
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Dorsal axial musculature |
Epaxial |
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Ventral axial musculature |
Hypaxial |
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Firebrain |
Smell |
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Midbrain |
Vision
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Hindbrain |
Balance, hearing |
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Cyclostomes |
Round sucking mouth parts |
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Arcualia |
Cartilaginous "vertebrae" |
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Agnathans |
Jawless |
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Gnathostomes |
Jawed vertebrates |
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What was the early role of jaws? |
Gill ventilation, not predation |
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Derived features of gnathostomes |
Two nostrils
The semicircular (horizontal) canal for better orientation and navigation
Hypobranchial musculature for water and food suction
More complex heart
More complex vertebrae
Ribs
Horizontal septum that's dives episcopal and hypoaxial muscles |
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Chondrichthyans |
Cartilaginous fishes |
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Osteichthyans |
Bony fish |
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Counter current system |
Blood and water run in opposite directions in lamellae |
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Buccal pumping |
Fish gaping to suck in water |
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Ram ventilation |
Breathe by swimming forward, associated with higher activity level |
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Physolistous |
Move oxygen between blood and swim bladder |
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Physostomous |
Move air from guy into swim bladder |
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Do cartilaginous fish have a swim bladder? |
No, they use oil to maintain buoyancy |
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Why |
Because |
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Synapomorphies of chrodates |
Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve chord Post anal tail Endostyle - secretes mucous Pharynx - gills and feeding |
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