Vert Zo. Muscles Of The Cat

Front 1

brachioradialis

Back 1

Origin:
middle of humerus
Insertion:
distal end of radius
Action:
rotates radius to supine position

Front 2

clavobrachialis

Back 2

Origin:
clavicle
Insertion:
proximal end of ulna
Action:
extends the forelimb

Front 3

triceps brachii

Back 3

Origin:
scapula and humerus
Insertion:
olecranon
Action:
extends forelimb

Front 4

extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 4

Origin:
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
metacarpal
Action:
extends wrist (carpal joint)

Front 5

extensor carpi radialis

Back 5

Origin:
lateral surface of humerus
Insertion:
metacarpal
Action:
extends wrist

Front 6

extensor digitorum communis

Back 6

Origin:
lateral surface of humerus
Insertion:
phalanges
Action:
extends digits of manus

Front 7

extensor digitorum lateralis

Back 7

Origin:
lateral surface of the humerus
Insertion:
phalanges
Action:
extends digits of manus

Front 8

flexor carpi radialis

Back 8

Origin:
medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
metacarpals
Action:
flexes wrist

Front 9

flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 9

Origin:
medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon
Insertion:
carpals
Action:
flexes wrist

Front 10

palmaris longus

Back 10

Origin:
medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
proximal phalanges of digits
Action:
flexes wrist

Front 11

pronator teres

Back 11

Origin:
medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
middle of radius
Action:
rotates radius to prone

Front 12

epitrochlearis

Back 12

Origin:
lateral border of lateral dorsi and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion:
olecranon process of ulna
Action:
extends lower forelimb

Front 13

latissimus dorsi

Back 13

Origin:
spinous process of thoracic
Insertion:
medial humerus
Action:
pulls forelimb posteriorly and dorsally

Front 14

pectoantebrachialis

Back 14

Origin:
manubrium
Insertion:
superficial fascia of antrebrachium (near elbow)
Action:
adducts forelimb

Front 15

pectoralis major

Back 15

Origin:
sternum
Insertion:
proximal 2/3 of humerus
Action:
adducts forelimb

Front 16

pectoralis minor

Back 16

Origin:
sternum
Insertion:
proximal 1/2 of humerus
Action:
adducts forelimb

Front 17

xiphihumeralis

Back 17

Origin:
sternum
Insertion:
proximal humerus
Action:
adducts forelimb

Front 18

external oblique

Back 18

Origin:
lumbodorsal fascia and posterior ribs
Insertion:
linea alba
Action:
compresses abdomen and flexes trunk

Front 19

internal oblique

Back 19

Origin:
lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest
Insertion:
linea alba
Action:
compresses abdomen and flexes trunk

Front 20

linea alba

Back 20

a fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen

Front 21

manubrium

Back 21

top part of the sternum

Front 22

rectus abdominis

Back 22

Origin:
pubic symphysis
Insertion:
sternum and costal cartilages
Action:
compress abdomen and flex trunk

Front 23

transverse abdominis

Back 23

Origin:
ribs, lumbar vertebrae, ilium
Insertion:
linea alba
Action:
compresses abdomen and flexes trunk

Front 24

sternomastoid

Back 24

Origin:
manubrium
Insertion:
mastoid process
Action:
rotates head

Front 25

digastric

Back 25

Origin:
mastoid process
Insertion:
dentary (inferior border)
Action:
depresses mandible

Front 26

masseter

Back 26

Origin:
zygomatic arch
Insertion:
dentary (lateral surface)
Action:
elevates mandible

Front 27

temporal

Back 27

Origin:
lateral surface of skull posterior to orbit
Insertion:
coronoid process of dentary
Action:
elevates mandible

Front 28

mylohyoid

Back 28

Origin:
medial surface of the dentary bones
Insertion:
medial raphe
Action:
elevates floor of mouth; draw hyoid anterior

Front 29

sternohyoid

Back 29

Origin:
1st costal cartilage
Insertion:
hyoid
Action:
draws hyoid posteriorly

Front 30

acromiodeltoid

Back 30

Origin:
acromion
Insertion:
proximal end of humerus
Action:
raise and rotate humerus

Front 31

spinodeltoid

Back 31

Origin:
scapula
Insertion:
proximal end of humerus
Action:
raise and rotate humerus

Front 32

acromiotrapezius

Back 32

Origin:
spinous process of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Insertion:
spine of scapula
Action:
stabilizes scapula

Front 33

levator scapulae ventralis

Back 33

Origin:
occipital and atlas
Insertion:
scapula
Action:
elevates scapula

Front 34

spinotrapezius

Back 34

Origin:
spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion:
scapula
Action:
moves scapula caudad (towards tail region)

Front 35

clavotrapezius

Back 35

Origin:
skull
Insertion:
clavicle
Action:
extends forelimb

Front 36

adductor femoris

Back 36

Origin:
pubis
Insertion:
shaft of femur
Action:
adducts femur

Front 37

adductor longus

Back 37

Origin:
pubis
Insertion:
shaft of femur
Action:
adducts femur

Front 38

gracilis

Back 38

Origin:
ischium; pubic symphysis
Insertion:
tibia
Action:
adducts femur and moves leg posteriorly

Front 39

pectineus

Back 39

Origin:
pubis
Insertion:
proximal end of femur
Action:
adducts femur

Front 40

gluteus maximus

Back 40

Origin:
transverse process of last sacral and 1st caudal
Insertion:
greater trochanter
Action:
abducts femur

Front 41

gluteus medius

Back 41

Origin:
ilium and transverse process of last sacral and first caudal
Insertion:
greater trochanter
Action:
abducts femur

Front 42

caudofemoralis

Back 42

Origin:
transverse process of caudal vertebrae
Insertion:
patella
Action:
abducts femur

Front 43

biceps femoris

Back 43

Origin:
tuberosity of ischium
Insertion:
patella and tibia
Action:
abducts femur and flexes tibia

Front 44

sartorius

Back 44

Origin:
crest of ilium
Insertion:
tibia and patella
Action:
abducts and rotates femur

Front 45

gastrocnemius

Back 45

Origin:
distal end of femur
Insertion:
calcaneus
Action:
extends pes

Front 46

peroneus longus

Back 46

Origin:
proximal fibula
Insertion:
metatarsals
Action:
extends pes

Front 47

soleus

Back 47

Origin:
fibula
Insertion:
calcaneus
Action:
extends pes

Front 48

tibialis anterior

Back 48

Origin:
proximal ends of tibia and fibula
Insertion:
1st metatarsal
Action:
flexes pes

Front 49

iliopsoas

Back 49

Origin:
lumbar vertebrae and ilium
Insertion:
lesser trochanter
Action:
draws thight forward

Front 50

tensor fascia latae

Back 50

Origin:
crest of ilium
Insertion:
fascia latae
Action:
extends lower leg

Front 51

semitendinosus

Back 51

Origin:
ischium
Insertion:
medial side of tibia
Action:
flexes lower leg

Front 52

extensor digitorum longus

Back 52

Origin:
lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion:
middle and distal phalanges
Action:
extends digits of pes

Front 53

flexor digitorum longus

Back 53

Origin:
proximal end of tibia and fibula
Insertion:
base of terminal phalanges
Action:
flexes digits of pes

Front 54

belly

Back 54

fleshy central portion of muscles consisting of contracile muscle fibers

Front 55

tendon

Back 55

anchors muscle; lesser cross-sectional area, allowing for more attachments @ one place

Front 56

aponeurosis

Back 56

broad, flat sheet of CT; anchors with more surface area

Front 57

origin

Back 57

more stable attachment of muscle; usually nearer to the sagittal plane (not true in intercostal muscles)

Front 58

insertion

Back 58

attachment site that moves when muscle flexes

Front 59

muscles attach to...

Back 59

-bones, cartilage, ligaments
-fascia covering other muscles
-mucous membrane (tongue)
-skin (facial muscles)
-circular bands (sphincters)

Front 60

muscles act only by ... and almost always occur in ... ...

Back 60

-contraction
-antagonistic groups

Front 61

extensors

Back 61

muscles which straighten joints

Front 62

flexors

Back 62

muscles which close/bend joints

Front 63

adductors

Back 63

muscles which move appendages toward median sagittal plane

Front 64

abductors

Back 64

muscles which move appendages away from median sagittal plane

Front 65

pronators

Back 65

muscles which turn the dorsal surface of a limb anteriorly (prone position)

Front 66

supinators

Back 66

muscles which turn the ventral surface of a limb anteriorly

Front 67

levators

Back 67

muscles which raise structures
(antagonistic group: depressors)

Front 68

depressors

Back 68

muscles which lower structures
(antagonistic group: levators)

Front 69

sphinctors

Back 69

muscles which close openings
(antagonistic group: dilators)

Front 70

dilators

Back 70

muscles which open openings
(antagonistic group: sphinctors)

Front 71

fascia

Back 71

white fibrous membrane consisting of elastic fibers and fat

Front 72

4 muscles which extend forelimb

Back 72

clavobrachialis, long head of triceps, lateral head of triceps, clavotrapezius

Front 73

2 muscles which extend wrist

Back 73

extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis

Front 74

2 muscles which extend digits of manus

Back 74

extensor digitorum communis, extensor digitorum lateralis

Front 75

3 muscles which flex wrist

Back 75

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

Front 76

4 muscles which adduct forelimb

Back 76

pectoantebrachialis, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, xiphihumeralis

Front 77

4 muscles which compress abdomen and flex trunk

Back 77

external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis

Front 78

2 muscles which elevate mandible

Back 78

masseter, temporal

Front 79

2 muscles which raise and rotate humerus

Back 79

acromodeltoid, spinodeltoid

Front 80

4 muscles which adduct femur

Back 80

adductor femoris, adductor longus, gracilis, pectineus

Front 81

5 muscles which abduct femur

Back 81

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, caudofemoralis, biceps femoris, sartorius

Front 82

3 muscles which extend pes

Back 82

gastrocnemius, peroneus longus, soleus