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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gill arches
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with arteries
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gill filaments
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with arterioles
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gill lamellae
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with capillaries
-COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGE w WATER -CHLORIDE CELLS pump salts in/out of fish |
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gill rakers
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-on oral side of arches
-gill protection -feeding |
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Obligate air breathers
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lungfish, anabantids, electric eel
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Faculitative air breathers
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many fishes (eg bowfin et carp)
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Autostylic
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no jaw projection
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Amphistylic
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more jaw angling and projection
-ASCENDING PROCESS = flexibility attached near orbit |
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Hyostylic
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extreme projection & suction feeding
-ASCENDING PROCESS =slides along cranium |
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Lateral Line
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-direct vibrations from other sources
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Otoliths
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mineralized structures in inner ear
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Weberian Apparatus
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hearing apparatus in minnows, carps, catfish
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electroreception
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primitive vertebrate trait, secondarily evolved in teleosts
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electric shock
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prey capture and predator deterrent
-CONVERGENT TRAIT in multpile groups -ELECTROCYTE CELLS - modified muscle, aligned in series like batteries |
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scavengers
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hagfish, catfish, American eel
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Symbionts and Parasites
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lamprey, cleaner fish
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Herbivores
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parot fishes, some catfish and suckers
-longest gut in fish |
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Carnivores
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most common group
-pursuit, lay-in-wait, drift feeders, filter feeders |
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drag
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reduced by slime, scales and shape
-FUSIFORM shape: minimal drag |
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thrust
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provided by muscular undulation of fins and body
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lift
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paired fins, caudal fin, body shape and bouyancy
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pitch
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angling up or down - caudal and paired fins
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roll
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paired, dorsal and anal fins
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yaw
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angling right or left - body and medial fins
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Homocercal tail
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top and bottom tip same length
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Heterocercal tail
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upper tip longer than bottom
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Hypocercal
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longer bottom lobe with spine
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Anguilliform
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undulation of nearly entire body
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Carangiform
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flexation mostly in posterior half of body
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Labriform
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paired (usually pectoral) fin rowing
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Balistiform
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medial fin undulation
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Rajiform
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rippling of large pectorals (skates and rays)
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swim bladders
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derived from primitive lung
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Physostomous
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more primitive swim bladder
-PNEUMATIC DUCT - primary method of filling |
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Physoclistous
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more derived swim bladder of teleosts
-GAS GLAND fills, counter current exchanger -OVALE - empties swim bladder |
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Examples of parental care
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NEST CONSTRUCTION
PARENTAL BROODING |
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Diadromy
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migration between fresh and saltwater
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Anadromy
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spawn in fresh, rear in salt
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Catadromy
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spawn in salt rear in fresh
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Semelparity
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death after single reproduction
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Iteroparity
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survival for multiple breeding seasons
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sexual dimorphism
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difference in appearance between males and females
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