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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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agnatha
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the jawless vertebrates
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The living "agnathans" ("cyclostomes)
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-no bone
-only caudal (tail) and median (dorsal and anal) fins only |
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Hagfish (Myxinoidea)
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-craniata if not vertebrates
-lack VERTEBRAL ELEMENTS -isosmolal to seawater -unk. : dioecious or hermaphroditic? --100 F : 1 male --no larval stage from eggs |
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Lamprey (Petromyzontoidea)
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-have VERTEBRAL ELEMENTS
-small eggs -body fluids dilute to sea water |
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Conodonts
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known from CONODONT ELEMEnts
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Ostracoderms
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-have external bone only (bony plates and odontes)
-moveable paired fins rare -Pteraspida and Cephalaspida |
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Pteraspida
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-mostly HETEROSTRACANS
-BONE: fused plates on head -FINS : no paried fins -Tail: single lobed or HYPOCERCAL TAIL |
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Cephalaspida
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-BONE : variable
-FINS : have structures homologous with paired fins -sometimes HETEROCERCAL TAIL |
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Hox gene complex
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group of related genes that determine the basic structure and orientation of an organism
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placoderms
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- most diverse Devonian fish group
- extensive armoring of head and body, jointed for "heads-up" gape - no teeth : dermal bones |
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Chondrichthyes
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- Classic mosiac evolution of modern features
-cartilagenous skeleton -tooth whorl replacement -modern lineages : Elasmobranchii and Holocephali |
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Early Chondrichthyes
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-AMPHISTYLIC jaw support : small jaw protrusion
-TERMINAL mouths : tip of snouth |
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Modern Elasmobranchs
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-HYOSTILIC jaw support - great protrusion
-SUBTERMINAL mouth -BATOIDEA (skates and rays) |
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Holocephali
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-chimeras or ratfish
-AUTOSTYLIC jaw support - no protrusion -CEPHALIC CLASPER |
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Acanthoidians
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-fins supported by stout spines
-no tooth enamel or replacement |
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Osteichthyes
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-ACTINOPTERUGII (ray-finned fishes)
-SARCOPTERYGII (lobe finned fishes) -more complete ossification of skeleton |
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Actinopterygii
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-paired fins supported by fin rays
-primitive living among: --POLYPTERIFORMS (birchirs and reedfish) --ACIPENSERIFORMS (sturgeons and paddlefish) -NEOPTERYGII |
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Neopterygii
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-greater jaw mobility
--TELEOSTEI (derived Nepoterygii) |
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Osteoglossomorpha
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bony tongues
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Elopomorpha
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-eels, tarpon, bone fish
--LEPTOCEPHALUS LARVA |
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Otocephala
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-herring, sardines, carps, catfishes
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Euteleostei
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most marine/freshwater fishes
-only circa 140 MYA |
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Sarcopterygii
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paired fins - extensions of radials into extemities
-DIPNOI --lunfishes --autostylic jaws -ACTINISTIA --cranial flexure - larger mouth gape -RHIPIDISTIANS --gave rise to TETRAPODA |
