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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neuron
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dendrites (branches) -> cell body (head of tree) -> axons
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synapse
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site of impulse transfer
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Peripheral (PNS) vs. Central Nervous Sysytem (CNS)
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two nervous systems
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Nerves (PNS) vs. Tracts (CNS = white matter)
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collection of axons
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Ganglia (PNS) vs. Nuclei (CNS = grey matter)
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collection of cell bodies
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Myelin sheaths
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increases conductivity of impulses
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spinal cord
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integrates peripheral system and brain
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reflex arc
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peripheral and spine only reaction
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somatic sensory nerves
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(physical contact, heat, etc)
-skin sensation, muscle position |
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somatic motor nerves
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skeletal muscle control
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visceral sensory nerves
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from gut to blood vessels
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visceral motor nerves
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to muscles and glans of gut, heart and blood vessels (automatic system)
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dorsal root
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somatic and visceral sensory
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ventral root
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somatic and visceral motor
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I. olfactory nerve
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sensory - smell
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most vertebrate have X-Y nerves
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10-12 nerves
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II. optic nerve
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actually sensory brain tract - vision
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VIII. auditory nerve
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sensory - hearing
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III, IV, VI
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eye muscle nerves - motor
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V, VII, IX and X
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mixed motor and sensory
-visceral and branchiometric nerves -"vagus" = X - heart, gut etc. -sensory for taste -lateral line nerves |
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hindbrain
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medulla oblongata and cerebellum
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medulla oblongata
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expanded spinal cord, reflexive control of heart, lungs, gut
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cerebellum
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outgrowth in gnathastomes, coordinates motor control
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midbrain
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-relays vision and auditory inputs
-links forebrains and hindbrain |
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forebrain
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-olfaction
-pineal organ -hypothalamus and pituitary -cerebrum |
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pineal gland
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light and biological rythyms
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hypothalamus and pituitary
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metabolism, growth, etc
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cerebrum
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enlarged site of integration etc. in tetrapods
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taste buds
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tetrapods - walls of mouth, throat and tongue
fishes - surface of head, barbels or other parts of body |
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nasal sacs
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blind or subdivided pits (fish)
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external nares (nostrils)
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tetrapods - open into mouth (choana) or pharynx
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turbinate bones
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support olfactory tissues
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vomeronasal organ
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in tetrapod mouth roof - tastes smells (eg snakes, mammal phermones)
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free nerve endings and encapsulated receptors
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-often associated with skin structures eg vibrissae (whiskers)
-detect pressure, heat, cold, pain, infrared |
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proprioceptors
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receptors in muscles and tendons, positional information of limbs
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visceral receptors
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provide info from internal organs
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Acousticolateralis system
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audio sensory
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hair cell
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mechanoreceptor detecting fluid movement
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neuromast organ
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collection of hair cells in cupula
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vestibular apparatus
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balance and movement receptor thing
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semicircular canals and ampullae
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detect angular motion
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maculae
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-balance (gravity) and linear movement detection
-some hearing in fish |
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otolith
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crystals on cupula that amplify vibration
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pinnae + tympanic membranes
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ear and ear lining
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stapes
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from tympanic membrane to lagena
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lagena
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modified neuromast system
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lateral line system
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neuromast organs in skin pits or canals
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ampullae of Lorenzini (in chondriththyes)
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electroreceptors on skin of these fishes - hair cells w/ conductive jelly
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retina
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outgrowth of brain
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cones
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color sensitivity
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rods
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light sensitivity
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pupil
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light entry, controlled by IRIS
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eye focusing
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cornea, lens and muscles
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