Verb Syntax

Front 1

(Indicative Mood)

Relative Clause

Back 1

Just original form, but a verb in a relative clause
EX: Poeta qui litteras scribit est sapiens.
The poet who writes literature is wise.

Front 2

Causal Clause
Starts with quod

Back 2

The because clause

Ex: Adsunt quod officium sequuntur
They are present because the succeed the office.

Front 3

Temporal Clause

Back 3

The "after," "there,"---any apposition that designate time
clause
ex: Dum Romae eram, Ciceronem vidi
While I was in Rome, I was Cicero.

Front 4

Cum temporal

Back 4

The cum clause that takes the indicative

Cum eum vidi, eum cognovi.
When I saw him, I recognized him

Front 5

substantive / noun clause

Back 5

The "as to" caluse

Ex: Quod scribis, gaudio.
As to what you write, I am in joy.

Front 6

Concessive clause

Back 6

The "Although" clause
Leads: quamvis, ut, licet, etsi, tametsi, etiam si, quamquam, cum

Ex: Quamquam hostes superiores erant, eos oppugnavimus.
Although the enemies were strong, we fought them.

Front 7

Proviso clause

Back 7

The "provided that" clause
Leads: "Dummodo"

Ex: Non timebo, dummodo hic remaneas.
I will not fear, provided that you remain here.

Front 8

Purpose / Final clause

Back 8

"So that" Clause
Ex: Venio ad urbem ut amicum videam.
I went to the city so that I saw my friend
(I went to the city to see my friend)

Front 9

Rel. clause of characteristic

Back 9

The "that which" "he who" clause

Nemo erat qui hoc faceret.
No one was he who did this.
(No one did this)

Front 10

Result / Consecutive clause

Back 10

The "so much that" clause

Tanta fecit ut urbem servaret.
He did such great things that he saved the city.

Front 11

Causal clause

Back 11

clause with quoniam

Ex: Quoniam venisti, me adiuvare debes.
When you saw me, you should hear me.

Front 12

Cum Circumstantial

Back 12

Cum + imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive
Special "when" clause

Ex: Cum hoc fecisset, fugit.
When (once) he did this, he left

Front 13

Cum Causal

Back 13

The "since" clause with subjunctive

Ex: Cum hoc tsciret, potuit eos iuvare.

Front 14

Cum concessive / adversative

Back 14

The "although" cum clause

Cum haec sciret, tamen non eos iuvavit.
Even though he knew this, he nonetheless helped them.

Front 15

Temporal clause with until

Back 15

The "Until" clause with subjunctive

Ex: Expectas dum dicat
He was expecting until he says
(He was expecting for him to say)

Front 16

Substantive clause of purpose
// Jussive noun clause

Back 16

"He wants him to do this" clause

Ex: Imperavit ei ut hoc faceret
He demanded him to do this.

Front 17

Fear clause

Back 17

The "he fears that" clause
positive : ne
negative: ut

Ex: Metuit ne hostes oppugnent.
He fears that they will fight the enemies.

Front 18

Indirect question

Back 18

The "What he says" "who we are" "from which we come"

Ex: Rogavit unde veniremnus.
He asked from which we came.