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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ーない（です）
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Base 1
Informal negative. (desu) Raises sentence to normal polite range. |
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ーないで
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Base 1
Without doing, without having done. |
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ーないでください
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Base 1
Negative request. "Please don't..." |
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ーなかった（です）
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Base 1
Informal negative past. (desu) Raises sentence to normal polite range. Desu becomes dewanakatta or janakatta. |
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ーなかったら
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Base 1
Conditional negative. "If/when I didn't/don't" Desu becomes dewanakattara or janakattara. |
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ーなければ
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Base 1
Conditional negative. "If I don't" Aru becomes nakereba. Desu becomes denakereba. |
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ーなければなりません
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Base 1
Obligational. "Must, have to" Desu becomes denakereba narimasen. |
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ーなくて
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Base 1
Te form of -nai. "I didn't...but rather..." Aru becomes nakute. Desu becomes dewanakute or janakute. |
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ーなくても
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Base 1
"Even if I don't" Aru becomes nakute mo. Desu becomes dewanakute mo or janakute mo. |
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ーなくてもいい（です）
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Base 1
"It's OK not to..." (desu) Raises sentence to normal polite range. Aru becomes nakute mo ii (desu) Desu becomes dewanakute mo ii (desu) |
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ーれる／ーられる
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Base 1
Passive: be done. Miru becomes mieru. Korareru and sareru |
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ーせる／ーさせる
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Base 1
Causative: Make someone do, let someone do. kosaseru and saseru |
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ーずに
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Base 1
Without doing. Kozu and sezu. |
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No ending (base 2)
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Base 2
Makes verb into a nown. Hanasu (To say) becomes hanashi (What was said). Continuation. More poetic than -te form. Desu becomes deari. |
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V2 + V3
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Base 2
Compound form. Aruku + mawaru = arukimawaru (Walk around) |
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ーだす
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Base 2
Do suddenly, suddenly start doing. |
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ーはじめる
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Base 2
Begin doing. |
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ーかた
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Base 2
Method or way of doing something. Changes verb into a nown. |
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ーこむ
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Base 2
Do in/into. kakikomu = write in (the date) tobikomu = dive/fly into (a window) |
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Masu form
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Base 2
Normal polite leve of speech forms. -masu -mashita -masen -masen deshita -mashou (Let's) -mashou ka (Shall we?) |
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ーながら
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Base 2
While doing. |
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ーなさい
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Base 2
Abrubt command. "Do it!" |
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ーにいく／ーにくる
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Base 2
Go/come (to do someting) |
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ーにくい
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Base 2
Difficult to. (Creates an adjective) Yominikui desu (...is hard to read) |
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ーおわる
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Base 2
Finish doing. |
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ーそう（です）
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Base 2
Looks like about to (verb). |
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ーすぎる
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Base 2
Do too much. 飲みすぎました。 |
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ーたがる
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Base 2
Want to, wish to. Similar to the -tai form, but adds more emotion and intensity. Watashi wa BK o tabetagarimashita. (I longed to eat BK) |
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ーたい（です）
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Base 2
Desirative. -takatta, -takunai, and takunakatta are other forms. (desu) Raises level to normal polite. |
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ーつずける
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Base 2
Continue doing. |
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ーやすい
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Base 2
Easy to do. Creates an adjective. |
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ほど
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Base 3
To the extent that, so much that. |
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かぎり
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Base 3
Within the limits of, insofar as. |
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かわりに
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Base 3
Instead of, in place of, in exchange for. 行くかわりに電話をしました。 |
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きがある／きがする
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Base 3
To want to do, to have a mind to do. テニスおするきがあれば、いっしょうにしましょうか？ |
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きになる
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Base 3
To come to feel like doing. |
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ことがある
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Base 3
(ever) do, occasionally do. ときどきお寿司を食べることがあります。 |
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ことができる
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Base 3
To be able to. お兄さんギターを弾くことができます。 For suru, koto ga is dropped and dekiru replaces suru. |
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ことになる／ようになる
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Base 3
Comes about, comes to pass. 土曜日のも働くことになりました。 |
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ことにする
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Base 3
To decide. 明日東京に行くことにしました。 |
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まで
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Base 3
Until I do. |
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までに
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Base 3
By the time I do. |
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まえに
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Base 3
Before doing. |
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もの
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Base 3
Makes verb into a thing, a person, an obligation, or reason to do something. |
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な
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Base 3
Abrubt negative command. |
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ために
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Base 3
In order for.. |
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と
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Base 3
If I do. |
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とちゅう（です）
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Base 3
Be en route, be on the way. Used with verbs of motion. 学校え行くとちゅうで友達に会いました。 |
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ところ（です）
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Base 3
To be about to. Used with the progressive form, means to be in the process of doing. |
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としたら／とすれば／とすると
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Base 3
Emphatic Conditional. |
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としても
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Base 3
Even if. |
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つもり（です）
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Base 3
Intend to. 明日電車で行くつもりです。 |
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ように
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Base 3
In order to. |
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よてい（です）
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Base 3
Plan to. |
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No ending (Base 4)
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Base 4
Abrupt command. |
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ーば
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Base 4
Conditional. |
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ーばよかった（です）
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Base 4
It would have been better if I had done. 早く食べればよかったです。 |
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ーる
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Base 4
Potential for yodan verbs. Able to do, can. |
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No ending (Base 5)
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Base 5
Informal inclusive command. (Less formal than V2+mashou) |
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か
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Base 5
Informal inclusice query. (Less formal than V2+mashou ka) |
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とおもう
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Base 5
I think I will. |
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とする
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Base 5
To about to. Most commonly in the progressive form to shite iru. 警察に電話しようとしています。 |
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あげる／やる
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Base 6
Do for (someone other than the speaker) 地図を書いてあげましょうか？ |
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ある
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Base 6
Has been done. |
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ほしい（です）
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Base 6
Want someone to.. お母さんに買ってほしいです。 |
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いく
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Base 6
Do before going. 先生と話して行きましょう。 |
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いる
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Base 6
Progressive form. Be doing. |
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いただく
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Base 6
Have somone do. 今晩電話をしていただけますか？ |
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から
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Base 6
After doing. |
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くる
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Base 6
Do before coming. 食べてきました。 |
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みる
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Base 6
Do and see. おいしいですから、食べてみてください。 |
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も
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Base 6
Even if I do. |
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もいいです
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Base 6
It's OK to. |
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おく
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Base 6
Do for a later purpose, do and set aside. |
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しまう
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Base 6
Do completely. |
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はいけません。
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Base 6
It's not OK to. |
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No ending (Base 7)
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Base 7
Informal past tense. |
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あと
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Base 7
After having done, after doing. |
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ばかり（です）
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Base 7
Have just done. |
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ことがある
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Base 7
Have ever done. |
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ーら
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Base 7
If I did. When the main verb is in the past tense, it means "when I did" 先生に聞いたら，はっきりと分かりました。 |
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ーり
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Base 7
Nonsequential series of verbs. |
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ために
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Base 7
Because I did. 先生が行ったため、信じました。 |
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ところ（です）
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Base 7
Just did, (be at) the point of being done. 今食事が終ったところです。 |
