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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Verbs inflected for in I-E?
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Tense, Mood, Aspect, Voice, Number, and Person
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What are the cases for MOOD in I-E?
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Indicative, Subjunctive, Optative, Imperative, Injunctive
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What are the cases for MOOD in Germanic?
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Indicative, Imperative, Optative (with Subjunctive and Injunctive factored in)
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What does INDICATIVE CASE mark?
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Statements or Questions of Fact
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What does SUBJUNCTIVE CASE mark?
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Expression of Will
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What does OPTATIVE CASE mark?
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Expression of Wishes
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What does IMPERATIVE CASE mark?
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Expression of Commands
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What does INJUNCTIVE CASE mark?
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Expression of Unreality
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How many kinds of VOICE were there in I-E?
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3
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What were the kinds of VOICE in I-E?
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Active, Passive, Middle (Reflexive)
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How many kinds of VOICE were there in Germanic?
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2
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What were the kinds of VOICE in Germanic?
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Active and Passive
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What does ASPECT refer to?
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Temporal flow (or lack thereof) in the described event or state
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How many ASPECTS were there in I-E?
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6
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What were the ASPECTS in I-E?
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Present (Progressive), Imperfect, Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future (Potential)
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What does the PRESENT (PROGRESSIVE) ASPECT refer to?
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Continuing action in progress
Ex: I speak French |
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What does the IMPERFECT ASPECT refer to?
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Continuing action in the past
Ex: I spoke French |
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What does the AORIST ASPECT refer to?
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Singular, momentary action in the past
Ex: I answered the door |
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What does the PERFECT ASPECT refer to?
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Completed actions with consequences for present
Ex: I have already returned that call |
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What does the PLUPERFECT ASPECT refer to?
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Completed action in the past
Ex: I (had) answered the door when... |
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What does the FUTURE (POTENTIAL) ASPECT refer to?
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Actions to come
Ex: I (will) answer the door |
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What were the Tenses/Aspects in Germanic?
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Present (included Future) and Past (often called Preterite)
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How many major Verb Classes were in I-E?
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7
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How are Verb Classes distinguished?
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Root vowels (Vowel in uninflected form of the verb) and the following consonants
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How many Verb Classes were in Germanic?
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7
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What category of Verbs did Germanic add?
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"Weak" (or dental preterite) verbs
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What are the two types of Adjective Declension?
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Strong and Weak
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When was a Weak/ Definite Adjective used?
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When preceded by a demonstrative
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When was a Strong/ Indefinite Adjective used?
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When not preceded by a demonstrative
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